Fire is a common ecosystem process in many landscapes of western North America. Each landscape has a unique set of properties such as fuel arrangement, load, weather, ignitions, cultural history and topography that will influence fire behaviour and effects. These characteristics will have an impact on the probability that a particular area will be subjected to low-moderate intensity fires, stan...

The present study investigates effects of wildfire emissions on air quality in Europe during an intense fire season that occurred in summer 2003. A meso-scale chemistry transport model CHIMERE is used, together with ground based and satellite aerosol optical measurements, to assess the dispersion of fire emissions and to quantify the associated radiative effects. The model has been improved to ...

The soils underlying the 12 Fire and Fire Surrogates Network include six soil orders and >50 named soil series. Across the network, pretreatment soils varied from 3.7 to 7.1 in pH, and exhibited ranges of twofold in bulk density, fourfold in soil organic C (SOC) content, 10-fold in total inorganic N (TIN), and 200-1000-fold in extractable Ca and K. Nonmetric multidimensional (NMS) ordination of...

This study deals with the synthesis and evaluation of salen based derivatives as fire retardants in thermoplastic polyurethane. Salens, hydroxysalens and their first row transition metal complexes (salen-M) were synthesized (Copper, Manganese, Nickel and Zinc). They were then incorporated in thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) with a loading as low as 10:1 weight ratio. The thermal stability as we...

It is has been demonstrated that the addition of small quantities of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) can dramatically improve thermal and mechanical properties of polymers [1-6]. In many cases, however, this enhancement of properties is limited by the degree to which the CNTs can be uniformly dispersed within the polymer matrix. This appears to be particularly true for flame retarding applications. In ...

temporal and spatial variations of fire behavior can be predicted using one of the semi-physical or empirical models developed over recent years. this article investigates the effect of different fuel moisture conditions on fire spread and behavior in national golestan park in july 2011 using farsite, flammap simulation systems, and previous ignition history. landscape data contains the topogra...

This paper presents a suite of protocols called FIRE (Forgery-resilient Intrusion detection, Recovery, and Establishments of keys), for detecting and recovering compromised nodes in sensor networks. FIRE consists of two protocols: an intrusion detection and code update protocol, and a cryptographic key update protocol. In concert, the FIRE protocols enable us to design a sensor network that can...

C'rirretill>available inaterials for niechaiiical hear ,terns are siirveyed, particrilarly with respect to long-term implatitatioti, from the viewpoiiits of availability a i d workability, mechariical aiid biological durability, and compat ibility with hlocid and tissiie. Some materials have one or more desirable physical properties, hut tione off'ers perfect blood and t lie compatibility. 1Ird...