There are two major types of ultrafilters, principal ultrafilters and non-principal ultrafilters. A principal ultrafilter is one that is generated by any single element a ∈ S, and has the form 〈a〉 = {A ⊆ S | a ∈ A}. However, these principal ultrafilters are not incredibly interesting, and will be used only as an example in this document. On the other hand, we have non-principal ultrafilters. We...