In the area of financial mathematics Monte Carlo simulation is often successfully used to estimate the prices of certain products. However in many cases calibrating Monte Carlo based models to market prices turns out to be difficult due to stochastic noise arising in the objective functionals. This noise can be reduced by the use of fixed point-sets of random numbers which are reused for every ...

The United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Agenda offers an opportunity to realise the right to health for all. The Agenda’s “interlinked and integrated” Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) provide the prospect of focusing attention and mobilising resources not just for the provision of health services through universal health coverage (UHC), but also for addressing the underlying social,...

In this work, we introduce $H^*$-condition on the set of submodules of a module. Let $M$ be a module. We say $M$ satisfies $H^*$ provided that for every submodule $N$ of $M$, there is a direct summand$D$ of $M$ such that $(N+D)/N$ and $(N+D)/D$ are cosingular. We show that over a right perfect right $GV$-ring,a homomorphic image of a $H^*$ duo module satisfies $H^*$.

This article examines annihilators in the skew polynomial ring $R[x;alpha,delta]$. A ring is strongly right $AB$ if everynon-zero right annihilator is bounded. In this paper, we introduce and investigate a particular class of McCoy rings which satisfy Property ($A$) and the conditions asked by P.P. Nielsen. We assume that $R$ is an ($alpha$,$delta$)-compatible ring, and prove that, if $R$ is ni...

Uncertainty is inherent in every financial model. It is driven by changing fundamentals, human psychology, and the manner in which the markets discount potential future states of the macroeconomic environment. While defining uncertainty in financial markets can quickly escalate into philosophical discussions, volatility is widely accepted as a practical measure of risk. Most market variables re...

One can prove the following propositions: (1) For every set X and for every finite sequence p of elements of X such that p 6= ∅ holds p↾1 = 〈p1〉. (2) Let L be a non empty loop structure, p be a finite sequence of elements of L, and n, m be natural numbers. If m ¬ n, then p↾n↾m = p↾m. (3) Let L be an add-associative right zeroed right complementable non empty loop structure, p be a finite sequen...

Let us note that every non empty loop structure which is add-left-cancelable and add-rightcancelable is also add-cancelable and every non empty loop structure which is add-cancelable is also add-left-cancelable and add-right-cancelable. Let us note that every non empty loop structure which is Abelian and add-right-cancelable is also add-left-cancelable and every non empty loop structure which i...

The terminology and notation used in this paper have been introduced in the following articles: [6], [11], [2], [3], [9], [4], [5], [7], [1], [10], and [8]. For simplicity, we follow the rules: i, k are natural numbers, I is an element of Z8, i1 is an element of Instr-LocSCM, d1 is an element of Data-LocSCM, and S is a non empty 1-sorted structure. Let us observe that every non empty loop struc...