We theoretically investigate an optimized tip-film system that supports in-situ measurement of tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) and tip-enhanced fluorescence (TEF) of dye molecules. A scanning tunneling microscope (STM) is proposed to precisely control the tip-film distance, and thus in-situ measurement of TERS and TEF can be realized utilizing the specific surface plasmon resonance (SPR)...

Free-Form Deformation (FFD) is an efficient technique for editing the shapes of 3D models, and widely used in Computer-Aided Design (CAD), computer animation, computer graphics entertainment etc. The basic idea of some famous previous FFD approaches deforms a target 3D model by adjusting some control points of a 3D lattice surrounding the model. It is a tedious work, especially when the lattice...

Background: The accuracy and the reproducibility of radiotherapy can be provided by using immobilization devices such as thermoplastic masks. In head and neck cancer radiotherapy, the patients are mostly immobilized by using thermoplastic masks. In this study, the effect of the thermoplastic mask to the surface and buildup region doses was investigated by using Markus parallel plate ion chamber...

Transient reflectivity measurements using ultrashort pulse pump-probe techniques can provide very useful information on fast carrier dynamics in semiconductors. Several non-trivial problems encountered in measuring reflectivity changes have been described. These changes can be very small (ΔR/R ~10 or less) and hence measuring these small changes is not straightforward. The possible solutions in...

background radiographs play an integral role in the assessment of periodontal disease. in recent years, advent of digital imaging has revolutionized radiology in dentistry. patients and methods in this diagnostic accuracy study, 48 inter proximal surfaces were evaluated in eight patients. these patients had alveolar bone loss in anterior regions because of periodontitis. intraoral (parallel per...

Phenological synchrony influences many ecological processes. Recent climate change has altered the synchrony of phenology, but little is known about the underlying mechanisms. Here using in situ phenological records from Europe, we found that the standard deviation (SD, as a measure of synchrony) of first leafing day (FLD) and the SD of first flowering day (FFD) among local plants were signific...

This paper is a summary of the results we presented at the Feature Panel Session of the 1997 ASME Computers in Engineering Conference. Five participating groups submitted a total of nine test parts for feature recognition. To these test parts, we have applied our feature recognition method using a convex decomposition method called Alternating Sum of Volumes with Partitioning (ASVP). By applyin...