Female genital mutilation, also known as female genital cutting, is a deeply rooted cultural practice in more than 28 African countries, parts of the middle east, and pockets of Asia. Annually, an estimated 2 million girls come of age in such areas.1 Support for the practice in communities is broad-based. Mothers, mothers-in-law, fathers, and religious and community leaders defend the practice ...

Despite 30 years of advocacy, the prevalence of non-therapeutic female genital alteration (FGA) in minors is stable in many countries. Educational efforts have minimally changed the prevalence of this procedure in regions where it has been widely practiced. In order to better protect female children from the serious and long-term harms of some types of non-therapeutic FGA, we must adopt a more ...

BACKGROUND Understanding women's perspectives of female genital cutting is particularly critical for understanding the roots of the problem and enhancing effectiveness of any prevention program. Very limited research has examined how people in Iraqi Kurdistan Region think about this practice. This study aimed to explore the perspectives of women of female genital cutting with the aim of uncover...

background: to manage relapsing‑remitting multiple sclerosis (ms) in the course of acute exacerbations, methylprednisolone (mp) (medrol or solu‑medrol), has the ability to lock the injured blood‑brain barrier and decrease irritation in the central nervous system. the aim of this preliminary study was to investigate the frequency and time interval related to mp pulse therapy in patients with ms....

cardiac manifestations of the hydatid cyst are relatively uncommon. cardiac involvement may lead to the compression of vital organs, pulmonary hypertension, pericardial effusion, and even anaphylaxis. a 45-year-old woman presented to the emergency department of tehran heart center with chest pain. cardiac examination revealed relatively muffled heart sounds. echocardiography demonstrated a roun...

background: tuberculosis (tb) is an increasing public health concern worldwide. on a global scale it has a devastating impact in developing nations. genital tb, an extrapulmonary form, is not uncommon particularly in areas where pulmonary tb is prevalent. genital tb may be asymptomatic or may even masquerade as other gynaecological conditions; hence, diagnosis requires a high degree of suspicio...