Unlike many features of metazoan development, sex determination is not widely conserved among phyla. However, the recent demonstration that one gene family controls sexual development in Drosophila, C. elegans, and vertebrates suggests that sex determination mechanisms may have evolved from a common pathway that has diverged radically since the Cambrian. Sex determination gene sequences often e...

The rays propagate along curved path determined by the Fermat principle in the graded index medium. The radiative transfer equation in graded index medium (GRTE) contains two specific redistribution terms (with partial derivatives to the angular coordinates) accounting for the effect of the curved ray path. In this paper, the hybrid finite volume with finite element method (hybrid FVM/FEM) (P.J...

This paper presents a comparison of numerical methods for the modelling of pile driving noise in the near field of the pile. The numerical models considered consist of (1) an axisymmetric time domain finite difference method (FDM), developed by the Centre for Marine Science and Technology in the Matlab programming language, and (2) an axisymmetric time domain finite element method (FEM), which ...

The evaluation of contact areas and pressures in total knee prosthesis is a key issue to prevent early failure. The first part of this study is based on the hypothesis that the patterns of contact stresses on the tibial insert of a knee prosthesis at different stages of the gait cycle could be an indicator of the wear performances of a knee prosthesis. Contact stresses were calculated for a mob...

1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY In a low frequency analysis of vibration in a built-up structure, the eigen frequencies and the corresponding eigenmodes help the understanding of how and why the structure behaves as it does. These eigen solutions are also useful in calculations of forced response by modal super-position procedures. However, as frequency increases there are more and more modes with increasi...

the development of yielded or failure zone due to an engineering construction is a subject of study in different disciplines. in petroleum engineering, depletion from and injection of gas into a porous rock can cause development of a yield zone around the reservoir. studying this phenomenon requires elasto-plastic analysis of geomaterial, in this case the porous rocks. in this study, which is a...

the finite element method (fem) is one of advanced methods in modeling of solid mechanics used in the design and analyzing of prosthesis in the human body. one of the important factors in designing a femur (the linkage between basin and knee) which is under complicated stresses is to minimize the amount of the stress in the components of the prosthesis due to the body weight. in this research t...

A higher order large-domain hybrid finite element – method of moments (FEM-MoM) technique is presented. The discretization and solving FEM and MoM parts of the problem and the coupling of the two methods is described. A benchmark example of analysis of a scatterer with pronounced curvature at resonant frequency is given, demonstrating accuracy and robustness of the presented hybrid technique.

We present a model of fracture formation on surfaces of bilayered materials. The model makes it possible to synthesize patterns of fractures induced by growth or shrinkage of one layer with respect to another. We use the finite element method (FEM) to obtain numerical solutions. This paper improves the standard FEM with techniques needed to efficiently capture growth and fractures.