Network reconstruction is a fundamental problem for understanding many complex systems with unknown interaction structures. In many complex systems, there are indirect interactions between two individuals without immediate connection but with common neighbors. Despite recent advances in network reconstruction, we continue to lack an approach for reconstructing complex networks with indirect int...

several procedures have been employed to examine the impacts of subsidies on different indices in an economy. this paper proposes a new approach enabling one to compare direct and indirect payments on households. to this end, the impact of government payments is examined on gross regional products, employment, income distribution and inflation of golestan province in iran through a social accou...

For efficient polarity and migration, cells need to regulate the magnitude and spatial distribution of actin assembly. This process is coordinated by reciprocal interactions between the actin cytoskeleton and mechanical forces. Actin polymerization-based protrusion increases tension in the plasma membrane, which in turn acts as a long-range inhibitor of actin assembly. These interactions form a...

oral corrective feedback, according to many researchers’ points of view, plays a crucial role in facilitating and accelerating the process of the second language learning. the present study aims to identify persian learners’ error types, the teachers’ feedback types and learners’ uptakes; also it is aimed at determining the most and least frequent errors occurred on the basis of lyster and rant...

The direct eeect of one event on another can be deened and measured by holding constant all intermediate variables between the two. Indirect eeects present conceptual and practical diiculties (in nonlinear models), because they cannot be isolated by holding certain variables constant. This paper presents a new way of deening the eect transmitted through a restricted set of paths, without contro...

Inhibitory connections among striatal projection neurons (SPNs) called "feedback inhibition," have been proposed to endow the striatal microcircuit with computational capabilities, such as motor sequence selection, filtering, and the emergence of alternating network states. These properties are disrupted in models of Parkinsonism. However, the impact of feedback inhibition in the striatal netwo...

DRAMATIC developments have marked the progress of operative technics devised to treat coronary artery disease since the first selective cinearteriographic study was Selective coronary cineangiography can precisely demonstrate the degree of obstruction , the exact location and distribution, and also the presence of collateral circulation within a lumen diameter of 100 g or larger. The data obtai...

The paper focuses on the synthesis of adaptive robust controllers that achieve not only excellent output tracking performance but also accurate parameter estimations for secondary purposes such as machine health monitoring and prognostics. Such an objective is accomplished through an intelligent integration of the output tracking performance oriented direct adaptive robust control (DARC) design...

This paper re-examines the discrete choice methods and stated preference elicitation procedures that are commonly used in choice-based conjoint analysis. The aim is to clarify their domains of applicability and provide reliable techniques for data collection and analysis. CONTENTS Topic Page Preface 2 1 Choice Behavior and Consumer Welfare 2 1.1 Utility 5 1.2 Choice Probabilities 8 1.3 Consumer...