OBJECTIVE To investigate the infection of calves with Mycobacterium bovis through oral exposure and transmission of M. bovis from experimentally infected white-tailed deer to uninfected cattle through indirect contact. ANIMALS 24 11-month-old, white-tailed deer and 28 6-month-old, crossbred calves. PROCEDURE In the oral exposure experiment, doses of 4.3 x 10(6) CFUs (high dose) or 5 x 10(3)...

Doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) microemulsions were produced using a shirasu-porous-glass (SPG) membrane emulsification technique. Soybean oil was used as the oil phase; polyglycerol polyricinoleate (PGPR) or tetraglycerol polyricinoleate (TGPR) was used as the surfactant to stabilize the feed W/O emulsions, while Tween 20 was used in the external water phase to stabilize...

A statistical programme using Box-Behnken design, which applies a response optimization algorithm, was used to calculate and optimize simultaneously the lactic acid extraction by emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) in a mixed flow reactor. A 3-level Box-Behnken design with seven variables i.e. lactic acid concentration, internal reagent concentration, Alamine 336 fraction in oleyl alcohol, stirring ...

Wireless receivers process signals that bear information as well as disturbances caused by the transmitter/receiver circuits and channel impairments such as fad:ing, interference, and additive white gaussian noise (AWGN). Usually, the receiver knows only some statistical properties of the signal and disturbances. From these statistical properties and using a finite observation of the received s...

A 3 x 3 treatment arrangement varying in dietary protein and TSAA:Lys was used to evaluate the effect of low-protein diets fed to Hy-Line W-98 laying hens. Phase I was 20 to 43 wk of age with 18.9, 17.0, and 14.4 g of protein/hen per day and 0.97, 0.85, and 0.82 TSAA:Lys, whereas phase II was 44 to 63 wk of age with 16.3, 14.6, and 13.8 g of protein/hen per day and 0.92, 0.82, and 0.72 TSAA:Lys...

Theeuwes (2010) summarizes an impressive number of studies demonstrating interference by irrelevant visual singletons in computer experiments with humans. In these studies, if participants search for a relevant singleton target, such as the single diamond among circles (i.e., a shape singleton), an irrelevant singleton distractor, such as the single red circle among the green stimuli (i.e., a c...

This paper presents the design of a tri-mode matched feed horn to remove the beam squinting effects in a circularly polarized offset parabolic reflector antenna. In a conical horn, three modes i.e., TE11, TM11 and TE21 are combined in proper amplitude and phase proportion to obtain a tri-mode matched feed configuration. The proposed tri-mode horn is then used as a primary feed device to illumin...

Materials with different C/O ratios and volatile matter content (E.grandis and four pyrolysis chars of E.grandis) were used as feedstock during SCWG experiments at 450 °C and 27 MPa. Experimental gas yields and gasification efficiencies were compared to calculated thermodynamic equilibrium results to determine the effect of O/C ratio and volatile matter content on the experimental and thermodyn...

Heavy weight pigs tend to deposit greater quantities of fat than protein. To work around this situation, ractopamine has been used in the finishing stage. In environments with moderate temperatures, ractopamine in pig diets in the finishing phase may increase rates of weight gain and improve feed efficiency without affecting feed intake. Ractopamine increases needs of pigs in terms of lysine, p...

Between February and October 2009, 324 grain, feed and feed commodity samples were sourced directly at animal farms or feed production sites in Middle East and Africa and tested for the presence of A- and B-trichothecenes, zearalenone, fumonisins, aflatoxins and ochratoxin A, or for selected groups of mycotoxins only. Samples were analyzed after clean-up by immunoaffinity or solid-phase extract...