The recovery of metal values and safe disposal of spent catalyst is gaining interest due to both its hazardous nature and increased regulation associated with disposal methods. Prior to the recovery of the valuable metals, removal of entrained deposits limit the diffusion of lixiviate resulting in low recovery of metals must be taken into consideration. Therefore, petroleum refinery spent catal...

The order with respect to water in the solvolysis of cinnamoyl chloride in aqueous acetone and aqueous acetonitrile of lesser water content is H”2.6, favours an addion-elimination mechanism , S N 2 mechanism or a competition between them. Higher enthalpy and lower negative entropy of activation favours S N 2 mechanism. Order with respect to mercuric chloride in the concentration range of 0.001M...

After more than a century of neglect, the last two decades have seen a significant amount of progress in the science of consciousness (Seth, 2010). This resurgence of interest has been largely driven by the availability of increasingly sophisticated neuroscientific methods. However, as the field is maturing it is becoming evident that further scientific progress will not depend on improvements ...

The experimental degradation of a water soluble dye, potassium indigo tetrasulfonate salt, has been studied using stand-alone ozonation and photocatalytic oxidation process. Progress of the dye oxidation was followed by UV-VIS spectrophotometric measurements at controlled operating conditions. The organic content of reaction samples was measured to verify the process efficiency in dye mineraliz...

A novel modified Fenton process using heterogeneous catalyst (swarf) was developed to catalyze the oxidation reaction of azo dye Acid Red 18. It was found that swarf could be used to replace iron salts as a catalyst for the Fenton reaction. The examined continuous Fenton process proved to be very efficient for decolorization of simulated wastewater containing 100 mg/dm3 Acid Red 18. Performance...

A novel MCM-41-supported base catalyst, Ba-MCM-41, was synthesized with a modified impregnation method. Ba2SiO4 was synthesized on the MCM-41 pore wall as confirmed by characterization using X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence, N2 adsorption, Si MAS NMR and transmission electron microscopy. It was also demonstrated that a highly ordered Ba-MCM-41 catalyst wit...

The relative contents of Cu+ and Cu2+ in solutions of anhydrous Nieuwland catalyst and CuCl2-added anhydrous Nieuwland catalyst were detected by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Results indicated that Cu+ could be transformed into Cu2+ during the process of acetylene dimerization into monovinylacetylene, leading to deactivation of the catalyst. Moreover, the addition of Cu2+ inhibited th...

The synthesis of magnetically separable quasi-homogeneous base catalyst and heterogeneous base catalyst is described. The quasi-homogeneous catalyst is achieved by supporting silane monomers functionalized with different amine groups directly on the surface of magnetite nanoparticles. The heterogeneous catalyst is prepared via a sol-gel process in which silane monomers containing different amin...

The first efficient and non-precious nanoparticle catalyst for alkene hydrosilylation with commercially relevant tertiary silanes has been developed. The nickel nanoparticle catalyst was prepared in situ from a simple nickel alkoxide precatalyst Ni(O(t) Bu)2 ⋅x KCl. The catalyst exhibits high activity for anti-Markovnikov hydrosilylation of unactivated terminal alkenes and isomerizing hydrosily...

Electrophilic gold(I) catalyst 6 competes with GaCl(3) as the catalyst of choice in the synthesis of fluoranthenes by intramolecular hydroarylation of alkynes. The potential of this catalyst for the preparation of polyarenes is illustrated by a synthesis of two functionalized decacyclenes in a one-pot transformation in which three C-C bonds are formed with high efficiency.