Many Fault Detection and Diagnosis (FDD) systems use discrete models for detection and reasoning. To obtain categorical values like ”oil pressure too high”, analog sensor values need to be discretized using a suitable threshold. This task is usually performed by the “wrapper code” of the FDD system. In practice, selecting the right threshold is very difficult, because it heavily influences the ...

bryogenesis is usefu1 for isolating genes expressed during embryogenesis, as embryegenic competence and the expressien of certain embryo-specific genes increases with increased stress. Fluorescent differential display (FDD) was perfonmed to isolate stress-induced genes in carrot somatic embryos, and five genes were isolated as embryonic tissue-specific genes. One ofthese genes was expressed unt...

a r t i c l e i n f o This paper presents a diagnostic Bayesian network (DBN) for fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) of variable air volume (VAV) terminals. The structure of the DBN illustrates qualitatively the casual relationships between faults and symptoms. The parameters of the DBN describe quantitatively the probabilistic dependences between faults and evidence. The inputs of the DBN are...

In the downlink of the Wideband Code Division Multiple-Access (WCDMA) system users are separated by means of Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor codes. The orthogonality of the users is lost in multipath channels causing multiple access interference which limits the system capacity and the availability of high data rate services. To suppress the interference in the downlink, it has been propos...

For every α < ω1 we establish the existence of a separable Banach space whose Szlenk index is ω and which is universal for all separable Banach spaces whose Szlenkindex does not exceed ω. In order to prove that result we provide an intrinsic characterization of which Banach spaces embed into a space admitting an FDD with upper estimates.

In this paper, a hybrid, frequency division duplex (FDD), time division–code division multiple access (TD-CDMA), medium access control (MAC) protocol is proposed. Both multicode (MC) and orthogonal variable spreading factor (OVSF) transmission modes are used in order to utilise the system resources more efficiently. Moreover, a new rate-scheduling algorithm is developed, aimed at providing a tr...

Two model-based fault-tolerant control design strategies are presented for a Diesel Engine Generator (DEG) working as a master generation unit in an islanded microgrid consisting of a hybrid wind-diesel-photovoltaic power system with a Battery Storage System (BSS). A Model Predictive Control (MPC) scheme and a Model Reference Adaptive Control (MRAC) scheme have been selected for precise and sta...

Turbo code has been shown to have ability to achieve performance that is close to Shannon limit. It has been adopted by various commercial communication systems. Both universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS) TDD and FDD have also employed turbo code as the error correction coding scheme. It outperforms convolutional code in large block size, but because of its time delay, it is often o...

This paper investigates the problem of fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) problem for non-Gaussian singular stochastic distribution control (SDC) systems via the output probability density functions(PDFs). The PDFs can be approximated by using square-root B-spline expansion, via this expansions to represent the dynamics weighting systems between the system input and the weights related to the ...

Transmit diversity techniques provide attractive solutions for increasing downlink capacity in 3G systems within lowmobility environments. Open-loop and closed-loop transmit diversity modes with two transmit antennas have already been included into 3GPP WCDMA Release 4, and schemes exploiting a larger number of transmit antennas are being developed. System capacity can be increased from that of...