Patients with metastatic rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) have a poor prognosis. The detection of contaminating RMS cells in the bone marrow (BM) is important in clinical staging and risk assessment. The cytological examination of the BM remains the gold standard for the diagnosis of RMS, but has a limited sensitivity. In the present study, 32 BM and two cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from 11 patients...

BACKGROUND Some parenteral iron therapies have been found to be associated with hypophosphatemia. The mechanism of the decrease in serum phosphate is unknown. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of IV ferric carboxymaltose(FCM) on phosphate metabolism and FGF23 levels in patients with chronic kidney disease(CKD). METHODS This is a post-hoc analysis of a prospective study carried ou...

Because of sexual propagation of Mexican lime in southern regions of Iran, there are many lime accessions (lime biotypes) in Mexican lime gardens in which appear some variation in fruit and tree shape. However, most of these accessions are susceptible to witches broom disease of lime (WBDL). Persian lime (C. latifolia Tanaka) is a triploid WBDL-tolerant species. Considerable number of un-descri...

Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) and hard clustering are the most common tools for data partitioning. However, the presence of noisy observations in the data may cause generation of completely unreliable partitions from these clustering algorithms. Also, application of the Euclidean distance in FCM only produces spherical clusters. In this paper, a new noise-rejection clustering algorithm based on Mahalanob...

Fuzzy Cognitive Maps were initially proposed by Kosko [1–3], as an extension of cognitive maps proposed by Axelrod [4]. FCM is a graph used for representing causal relationships among concepts that stand for the states and variables of the system, emulating the cognitive knowledge of experts on a specific area. FCM can be interpreted as a combination of Fuzzy Logic and Neural Networks, because ...

Many functionals have been proposed for validation of partitions of object data produced by the fuzzy c-means (FCM) clustering algorithm. We examine the role a subtle but important parameter-the weighting exponent m of the FCM model-plays in determining the validity of FCM partitions. The functionals considered are the partition coefficient and entropy indexes of Bezdek, the Xie-Beni, and exten...

In this paper the K-means (KM) and the Fuzzy C-means (FCM) algorithms were compared for their computing performance and clustering accuracy on different shaped cluster structures which are regularly and irregularly scattered in two dimensional space. While the accuracy of the KM with single pass was lower than those of the FCM, the KM with multiple starts showed nearly the same clustering accur...

Image segmentation plays an important role in medical image processing. Fuzzy c-means (FCM) is one of the popular clustering algorithms for medical image segmentation. But FCM is highly vulnerable to noise due to not considering the spatial information in image segmentation. This paper introduces medium mathematics system which is employed to process fuzzy information for image segmentation. It...

Flow cytometry (FCM) is widely used in health research and in treatment for a variety of tasks, such as in the diagnosis and monitoring of leukemia and lymphoma patients, providing the counts of helper-T lymphocytes needed to monitor the course and treatment of HIV infection, the evaluation of peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cell grafts, and many other diseases. In practice, FCM data analys...