Edible fats and oils are produced by three main industries: oil, margarine and rendering. As margarine manufacture requires only substances that have already undergone refining, the only waste water comes from rinsing the equipment and premises. The oil industry with its different phases of refining uses large quantities of water but could cut its consumption by a more rational organization of ...

Chemical composition of plant and animal bodies. Classification, properties and functions of carbohydrates, proteins, fats, mineral and vitamins. The simple chemistry and metabolism of carbohydrates. The simple chemistry and metabolism of proteins The simple chemistry and metabolism of fats. The simple chemistry and metabolism of minerals and vitamins Practicals: Testing of carbohydrates, Acidi...

Dietary fats have important effects on the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Abundant evidence shows that partial replacement of saturated fatty acids (SAFA) with unsaturated fatty acids improves the blood lipid and lipoprotein profile and reduces the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). Low-fat diets high in refined carbohydrates and sugar are not effective. Very long-chain polyunsaturate...

The chemical analyses of "bog butters" recovered from peat bogs of Scotland were performed with the aim of determining their origins. Detailed compositional information was obtained from "bog butter" lipids using high temperature gas chromatography (HTGC) and GC-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results indicate the degree to which "bog butters" have undergone diagenetic alterations during burial ...

The present paper is the first of a series which the authors expect to offer on the more general subject of the effects of fat in the diet. This paper will be limited to the following topics: experimental methods; description of the new disease; comparative growth and ovulation with and without fat; curing the disease; discussion, and summary. It is believed that the data presented here definit...

A description is given of the development by collaborative study of two standardized methods for the determination of polar compounds in oils and fats by adsorption chromatography using silica minicolumns, and for quantification of polymerized triacylglycerols, oxidized triacylglycerols, and diacylglycerols in polar compounds by high-performance size-exclusion chromatography. The first procedur...

First, second, third, and fourth-generation biofuels are continuously evolving as a promising substitute to petrodiesel catalyzed by energy depletion, economic environmental considerations. Bio-diesel can be synthesized from various biomass sources, which commonly divided into FAME renewable biodiesel. biodiesel is generally produced the transesterification of vegetable oils fats while diesel h...

Dairy foods are widely recommended as part of a healthy diet mainly because of the ready availability of calcium but also because they are a good source of protein, minerals and fat soluble vitamins. On the other hand, dairy foods have been viewed with suspicion by many because dairy fats contain saturated fatty acids and cholesterol. It has been thought, particularly by consumers, that dairy f...

Increasingly, over the past 40 years, the conception of diet has undergone major changes. Many of these changes involve changes in dietary intake of fats and oils. There has been an increasing consumption of partially hydrogenated transvegetable oils and a decreasing intake of lauric acid-containing oils. Although popular literature usually attribute an increased risk of coronary heart disease ...

For many years, epidemiological studies continued to suggest that high fat diets are linked to an increased incidence of certain cancers. However, whether the oncogenic properties of fat are associated with their quantity rather than the quality has become debatable. Epidemiological studies have been suggesting that n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6 PUFA) and saturated fats are more likely t...