OBJECTIVES The prevalence of type 2 diabetes in American adolescents has increased markedly during the past generation. Although the factors that contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes are complex and not wholly elucidated, the triad of severe obesity, hyperinsulinemia, and a family history of type 2 diabetes places a child at an increased risk for development of the disease. Current ...

OBJECTIVE To examine the effects of low birth weight (LBW) on the components of insulin resistance syndrome (IRS) in Caucasian and African-American children aged 4-14 years (n = 560 observations among 139 subjects). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A linear random-effects modeling analysis with repeated measures (average four annual visits per child) was conducted to examine the associations betwe...

BACKGROUND Non-human primates are valuable models for the study of insulin resistance and human obesity. In baboons, insulin sensitivity levels can be evaluated directly with the euglycemic clamp and is highly predicted by adiposity, metabolic markers of obesity and impaired glucose metabolism (i.e. percent body fat by DXA and HbA1c). However, a simple method to screen and identify obese insuli...

Results There were 54 obese children, mean age 12.2 (11.9 to 12.5) years. Thirty seven (68.5%) boys and 17 (31.5%) girls. With 34 children (63%) had insulin resistance: 23 (67.6%) male sex, and 11 (32.4%) girls, 18 (52.9%) no history of diabetes mellitus in families and 16 (47.1%) were found in the family history of diabetes mellitus. The average fasting blood glucose level on average obese chi...

Abstract Background The quality of life B-thalassemia major (β-TM) patients has improved with the use frequent blood transfusions. However, this leads to chronic iron overload its sequelae, as prediabetes and diabetes mellitus. This study aimed assess insulin resistance glucose abnormalities in a sample Benha, Egypt. Results case-control included 40 on regular transfusion chelation. Their ages ...

The main aim of this study was to estimate the relative influence of genes and environment on fasting insulin levels, which were considered a proxy of insulin resistance. Possible sex differences in genetic and environmental influences, and the origin of the covariance between fasting insulin and glucose were investigated. Subjects were 209 pairs of middle-aged twins, divided into 5 sex-by-zygo...

Prolonged food deprivation in mammals typically reduces glucose, insulin, and thyroid hormone (TH) concentrations, as well as tissue deiodinase (DI) content and activity, which, collectively, suppress metabolism. However, in elephant seal pups, prolonged fasting does not suppress TH levels; it is associated with upregulation of adipose TH-mediated cellular mechanisms and adipose-specific insuli...

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the most common endocrine disorder and one of highly progressive diseases which indicated by high blood sugar (hyperglycemia). The present study aims to effects treatment with zinc vitamin C on glycemic profile [fasting (FBS), glycated haemoglobin (HbA1C), insulin hormone level] in type 2 diabetic patients. included 56 patients [30 without foot ulcers (15 supplements, ...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Fasting insulin concentrations are increasingly being used as a surrogate for insulin resistance and risk for type 2 diabetes (T2DM), although associations with adult outcomes are unclear. Our objective was to determine whether fasting insulin concentrations in childhood associate with later T2DM. METHODS Fasting insulin values were available from 2478 participants i...

The aim of this study was the evaluation of the relationships among hyperinsulinemia, a family history of hypertension, and essential hypertension. Insulin and C-peptide responses to an oral glucose load were studied in 175 lean normotensives (N) and untreated hypertensives (H) with (F+) and without (F-) a family history of hypertension: 30 NF-, 30 NF+, 45 HF-, and 70 HF+. The groups were compa...