Recently the number of contingent valuation studies conducted in developing countries has increased. Many have been done to value access to clean water, but there are still very few applications to tropical forest resources. In light of the fact that tropical forests cover a mere 7% of the earth’s land surface, yet provide estimates of up to half the world’s biota, there is a distinct need for ...

Nascent U.S. carbon markets reward farmers for reforesting agricultural land, with consequent ecological co-benefits. We use a dynamic optimization model to determine the likelihood of an orchard farmer in northern California converting to forest under 90 plausible future scenarios. We find reforestation to be a highly unlikely outcome, occurring only 18.5% of the time under the most favorable ...

Cropcheck developed following the identification of limitations to the Transfer of Technology (TOT) extension model which occurred through the 1970’s and into the early 1980’s (Lacy 2011). Irrigated wheat yields stagnated with high variability from year to year and no understanding as to why this occurred. This was despite several communication methods (farm visits, demonstrations, plot trials,...

In the Andapa region of northeast Madagascar, smallholders cultivating swidden hill rice (tavy) for subsistence are pressing against neighboring nature reserves. A dominant policy approach to reducing this pressure requires that smallholders abandon tavy and purchase rice from proceeds obtained from their environmentally sustainable commercial crops, vanilla and coffee. Economic liberalization ...

The state of adoption and diffusion of information and communication technology in German agriculture is described using results from three independent questionnaire surveys, conducted in 2000/2001. The use of information technology is widely spread among German farmers, the majority of farms have a PC, use it to connect to the Internet and are frequent e-mail and web users. Even though many fa...

RESULTS: Fifty-five participants (31 patients and 24 parents) completed all questionnaires, 98.2% preferred active involvement in therapeutic decision-making. The SDM-Q-9 scores, assessed by patients and physicians, were acceptable (mean 68 out of 100). However, the independently assessed OPTION-5 scores were significantly lower (mean 31 out of 100). In the consultations, physicians rarely aske...

purpose: promoting the extension programs is a challenge which extension professionals and planners faced with and detection of influencing factors on programs’ success or fail needs to significant time allocation and commitment, so extension and education programs aim to farmers’ empowerment are very important. today, many farmers are not interested in these programs for several reasons, so fa...

The population of Tambaksari District is only about 20% farmers who use straw as compost, there a need for farmer participation in dealing with agricultural waste issues, especially rice compost fertilizer. This study to: Describe the level utilization waste, and factors related to farmers. activity was carried out Subdistrict, Ciamis Regency, from April July 2019. Determination sample randomly...

Back pain is a common cause of sick leave. We analyzed how individual, work-related and lifestyle factors predicted sick leave owing to neck or low back pain over a 12-year period. In this prospective cohort study, 1,405 rural middle-aged farmers and non-farmers were surveyed in 1990-1991 (participation rate 76%) and followed up 12 years later (participation rate 68%). The 836 men who reported ...

Agricultural Extension services are among the most important rural services in developing countries. The services are considered to be a key driver of technological change and productivity growth in agriculture. In Kenya, like in the rest of the developing economies, agricultural extension has largely been delivered through supply–driven approaches. Due to perceived low impact of agricultural e...