In a Central Michigan wetland setting, air drawn through a DEET-impregnated screen using an electric fan and projected toward a human subject significantly reduced mosquito orientation by 74%, landing by 75%, and probing by 70%, relative to no applied wind or DEET. The DEET vapor effect was significant as revealed by a statistically significant wind/DEET interaction. The wind speed at the downw...

The aerial transport of tiny arthropods including wing-less species has been well documented. The initiation of aerial dispersal in most instances is not a passive phenomenon, but involves identifiable behaviors in response to specific stimuli. Here we describe a construction of wind tunnel suitable for close-up observation of micro-arthropods behavior under various conditions. The tunnel was m...

In this paper, a new domino circuit is proposed with low leakage current and high noise immunity which decreases the parasitic capacitance on the dynamic node. This yields a smaller keeper transistors for wide fan-in gates to implement fast and robust circuits. The technique utilized is based on comparison of mirrored current of the pull-up network with its worst case leakage current. Thus, the...

Dynamic logic circuits provide more compact designs with faster switching speeds and low power consumption compared with the other CMOS design styles. Domino logic overcomes the difficulties in dynamic circuits such as charge sharing and cascading. In this paper we are proposing a wide fan-in circuit with increased switching speed and noise immunity. Speed is achieved by quickly removing the ch...

This study investigates task -blind and task -specific training methods to determine appropriate radial basis function based neural network architectures. These neural nets identify system behavior of air-cooled chiller condensers by grouping dominant features (clustering) of measured chiller performance data. Task specific clustering proved superior but more computationally demanding than task...

Characteristics of various CMOS and NMOS circuit techniques are described, along with the shortcomings of each. Then a new circuit ty#e, the CMOS domino circuit, will be described. This involves tbe connection of dynamic CMOS gates in such a way that a single clock edge can be used to turn on all gates in the circuit at once. As a result, complex clocking schemes are not needed and the full inh...

The significant role of energy efficiency labelling should not be ignored as it provides various information that serve a guideline when people make purchasing decision. It indicates projection consumption an electrical equipment according to rating system. This study applied choice experiment (CE) method in which the conditional logit (CL) model was valued determine students' willingness pay (...

A novel fully integrated dynamic thermal management circuit for system-on-chip design is proposed. Instead of worst-case thermal management used in conventional systems, this design yields continual monitoring of thermal activity and reacts to specified conditions. With the above system, we are able to incorporate on-chip power/speed modulation and integrated multi-stage fan controllers, which ...

A novel technique using a keeper with a simultaneous low supply voltage and low body voltage is proposed to improve the overall performance of high fan-in OR gates without modifying the physical dimensions of the keeper. Simulation results of a 16-input domino OR gate using 45 nm CMOS technology show that the proposed technique could trade off between a high power/speed efficient operation and ...