In a model where individuals with different levels of skills exert different levels of effort, we propose to use individuals’ minimal rights to divide an extra amount of income generated by a change in the skill profile. Priority is given to individuals with a positive minimal right which ensures that the way redistribution is performed depends on the total sum of income available in society. W...

To examine associations between work-family conflict and self-rated health among Japanese workers and to determine whether the associations differed by household income. Data was derived from the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study for the Next Generation in Saku area in 2011-2012 (7,663 men and 7,070 women). Multivariate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for p...

We examine the impact of recent state-level Medicaid policy changes that expanded eligibility for family planning services to higher-income women and to Medicaid clients whose benefits would expire otherwise. We show that the income-based policy change reduced overall births to non-teens by about 2% and to teens by over 4%; estimates suggest a decline of 9% among newly eligible women. The reduc...

OBJECTIVE To compare availability, urban price, and affordability of child/family safety devices between 18 economically diverse countries. DESIGN Descriptive: urban price surveys by local safety organisations or shoppers. SETTING Retail stores and internet vendors. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Prices expressed in US dollars, and affordability measured by hours of factory work needed to buy a ch...

BACKGROUND Studies have shown associations between higher income and better health, but income has not been studied in relation to neck pain. The aims of this cohort study were to assess the sex-specific role of disposable income for onset and prognosis of neck pain in the general population and if economic stress influences such potential associations. METHODS Two subcohorts were identified ...

Using data from the Assets and Debts Survey of 1984 and the Survey of Financial Security of 1999, we document the evolution of wealth inequality in Canada between 1984 and 1999. Our main findings are as follows: 1) wealth inequality has increased between 1984 and 1999, 2) the growth in wealth inequality has been associated with substantial declines in real average and median wealth for young co...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES This study's purpose was to evaluate the relationship between medical student debt and primary care specialty choice, while examining the potentially confounding effects of family income and race/ethnicity. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was offered to all students at three medical schools between 2006 and 2008. The survey assessed students' anticipated educational...

BACKGROUND Evidence suggests that changes in family income are an important determinant of children's body mass index (BMI). However, few studies have leveraged longitudinal data to investigate the association of changes in family income on changes in BMI z score. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess whether gains in family income are associated with changes in BMI z score among children in t...

In developing countries, small scale integrated agriculture acts as a tool for supplying the fast-growing human population with high-quality protein, additional income to poor and food security to household, especially women. This study was conducted in different SLOPBBangladesh project areas of Patuakhali, a coastal district of Bangladesh to observe the effect of small scale integrated agricul...

In this paper, I examine the effect of business cycles on the employment, earnings, and income of persons in different demographic groups. I classify individuals by sex, education, and race. The analysis uses data from the Current Population Survey’s Outgoing Rotation Group data, covering the period 1979–1992, and March Annual Demographic File data, covering the period 1975–1997. Many different...