This paper introduces a series of new concepts under the name Economic Cross-Efficiency, which is rendered operational through Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) techniques. To achieve this goal, from theoretical perspective, we connect two key topics in efficiency literature that have been unrelated until now: economic and cross-efficiency. In particular, it shown that, input (output) homothetici...

BACKGROUND Manifest socio-economic differences are a trigger for internal migration in many sub-Saharan settings including Kenya. An interplay of the social, political and economic factors often lead to internal migration. Internal migration potentially has significant consequences on an individual's economic growth and on access to health services, however, there has been little research on th...

Background and Objectives: Depression is the most common mood disorder, which may be experienced by most of the people during their life. Food insecurity may result in mental disorders such as anxiety and depression. The aim of this study was to assess depression status and its relation to household food insecurity in women living in Northwest of Iran. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sect...

islamic feminism and the feminist movement that has influenced the west in recent decades have spread in muslim countries, including iran, to such an extent that most supporters of women`s rights introduce themselves as muslim feminist and try to present a new comment of traditional and original understanding of islamic teachings in harmony with their claims. the most important foundations of i...

objective: the aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between marital satisfaction with psychological health in women whose husbands had either suffered from psychiatric problems or been exposed to chemical warfare during iraq-iran imposed war. method: participants were selected from the war-affected women in mazandaran province in north of iran whose husbands had either suffe...

OBJECTIVE To assess longitudinal changes in the consumption of nutrients and the impact of socio-economic factors on diet transition in the Melbourne Chinese Health Study (MCHS) cohort. DESIGN Longitudinal study including two phases: baseline (1989/90) and follow-up (1995/97). SETTINGS Melbourne metropolitan areas in Victoria, Australia. STUDY SUBJECTS AND METHOD: Two hundred and sixty-two ...

BACKGROUND The increasing proportion of women in the medical profession is a worldwide phenomenon often called the "feminization of medicine." However, it is understudied in low and middle-income countries, particularly in Latin America. METHODS Using a qualitative, descriptive design, we explored the influence of gender and other factors on physician career decision-making and experiences, i...

in some traditional societies including iran, birth giving is an element of women’s identity and status, also having a child is looked as a source of women’s power in the family and society. therefore infertility typically can be considered as womanly problem. consequently infertile women face more family and social problems than infertile men. this study is to examine the conditions of these w...

Over the past half century the gap in mortality across education levels has grown in the United States, and since the mid-1980s, the growth has been especially pronounced among white women. The reasons for the growth among white women are unclear. We investigated three explanations-social-psychological factors, economic circumstances, and health behaviors-for the widening education gap in morta...