objectives: the objective behind this study was investigating the relationships between family functioning and psychological hardiness in parents of exceptional children versus parents of normal children. methods: the study was causal-comparative. population included all parents of normal and exceptional students in bojnurd city studying in ordinary and exceptional schools in the academic year ...

autism is a lifelong neurological disability of unknown etiology. the criteria for a diagnosis of autism are based on a triad of impairments in social interaction, communication and a lack of flexibility in thinking and behavior there are several factors which are likely to contribute to this variation including the definition of autism and variability in diagnosis amongst professionals, howeve...

background a child's hospitalization in intensive care units causes stress and worry in other family members. this study aimed to determine the effect of family presence during pediatric icu bedside on family general health. materials and methods in this clinical trial study, 46 family members of the pediatrics hospitalized in the icu in teaching hospital affiliated with the lorestan unive...

the family magnaporthaceae considered as a single-family placed in the order magnaporthales. currently, three distinct clades are phylogenetically distinguished in this order that one is referred as the pyriculariaceae. the pyriculariaceae is characterized as a novel family having new genera, new species, new combinations and neotypification (basionym). to taxonomically evaluate this family, an...