Proposition algebra is based on Hoare’s conditional connective, which is a ternary connective comparable to if-then-else and used in the setting of propositional logic. Conditional statements are provided with a simple semantics that is based on evaluation trees and that characterizes so-called free valuation congruence: two conditional statements are free valuation congruent if, and only if, t...

Power generation all over the world is slowly being taken by renewable energy technologies to alleviate crisis, as well provide clean and green energy. Therefore, in foreseeable future, most likely may compete on par level with conventional generation. The near future holds rebalancing of global power system market, which mandates, interpretation upcoming current trends revolving around pricing...

The brand is a very special asset and in many businesses it is the most important asset. This is due to the farreaching economic impact that brands have on enterprise. Brands influence the choice of customers, employees, investors and government authorities. In a world of abundant choices such influence is crucial for commercial success and creation of shareholder value. Even non-profit organis...

let r be a ring and v be a matrix valuation on r. it is shown that, there exists a correspondence between matrix valuations on r and some special subsets ?(mvpr) of the set of all square matrices over r, analogous to the correspondence between invariant valuation rings and abelian valuation functions on a division ring. furthermore, based on malcolmson’s localization, an alternative proof for t...

As intellectual property (IP) has become an integral part of business strategy, the valuation of these assets has become more and more critical. Consequently, the strategic decisions of Indian SMEs also increasingly depend on understanding the economics affecting the value of these assets and most crucially appraising the approximate value of their IP. In this light, the paper reviews the princ...

Most of the existing algorithms for fair division do not consider externalities. Under externalities, utility an agent depends only on its allocation but also other agents’ allocation. An has a positive (negative) value assigned goods (chores). This work studies special case externality which we refer to as 2-D. In 2-D, receives or negative unassigned items independent who them. We propose simp...

We show that infinitesimal probabilities are much too small for modeling the individual outcome of a countably infinite fair lottery.

Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta E C O N O M I C R E V I E W First Quarter 2003 P eople often speculate that a particular stock is overpriced, or underpriced, and analysts sometimes issue stock price targets followed abruptly by price “corrections.” A natural question is, What is the right price for a stock? Mergers and acquisitions of firms rely heavily on determining the right or fair price of...

This paper reviews recent work examining two topics of economic research vital for invasive species policy—integration and valuation. Integration requires bioeconomic models that blend invasive biology with economic circumstances and the feedback loops between the two systems. Valuation requires nonmarket valuation associated with human and environmental damages posed by invasive species. We ar...