BACKGROUND The current direct-to-consumer advertising (DTCA) guidelines were developed with print, television, and radio media in mind, and there are no specific guidelines for online banner advertisements. OBJECTIVE This study evaluates how well Internet banner ads comply with existing Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidelines for DTCA in other media. METHODS A content analysis was per...

We study a particular restitution problem where there is an indivisible good (land or property) over which two agents have rights: the dispossessed agent and the owner. A third party, possibly the government, seeks to resolve the situation by assigning rights to one and compensate the other. There is also a maximum amount of money available for the compensation. We characterize a family of asym...

The purpose of a financial manager in dividend policy is to maximize the wealth of its owners while providing adequate funds for the company. In this research, the aim is to determine the relationship between information asymmetry, dividend policies and ownership structure. After designing information asymmetry evaluation indicators, the transaction information has been collected from the Stock...

Prediction-based decisions, which are often made by utilizing the tools of machine learning, influence nearly all facets modern life. Ethical concerns about this widespread practice have given rise to field fair learning and a number fairness measures, mathematically precise definitions that purport determine whether prediction-based decision system is fair. Following Reuben Binns (2017), we ta...

The regulatory schemes currently used for reliability improvement have weaknesses in the provision of quality services based on the customers’ perspective. These schemes consider the average of the service as a criterion to incentivize or penalize the distribution system operators (DSOs). On the other hand, most DSOs do not differentiate electricity services at the customer level, due to the st...

In recent years the online advertising industry has witnessed a shift from the more traditional pay-per-impression model to the payper-click and more recently to the pay-per-conversion model. Such models require the ad allocation engine to translate the advertiser’s value per click/conversion to value per impression. This is often done through simple models that assume that each impression of t...

Health literacy is one of the major determinants of health and is one of the important factors in chronic diseases such as Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease in which the myelin sheaths of the neural cells are damaged in the brain and spinal cord. The aim of this study was to evaluate the Health Literacy Association with Health Behaviors and Health Care Utilization. This study w...

Compound real options are combinations of real options, where an exercise of a real option opens another real option. Compound real options are commonly found in a number of industrial projects, but are especially relevant in, e.g., research and development (R&D) where the R&D projects give the real option to research further, or to start the implementation of the results. Valuation of compound...