holoprosencephaly is a rare congenital brain malformation resulting from failure of diverticulation and cleavage of primitive prosencephalon which occurs at 4 - 8th week of gestation and is usually associated with multiple midline facial anomalies. it is the most common forebrain developmental anomaly in humans with prevalence of 1/16,000 in live borns, an incidence as high as 1:250 in conceptu...

several factors including cancer, malformations and traumas may cause large facial mutilation. these functional and aesthetic deformities negatively affect the psychological perspectives and quality of life of the mutilated patient. conventional treatments are prone to fail aesthetically and functionally. the recent introduction of the composite tissue allotransplantation (cta), which uses tran...

Many researchers adopt Local Binary Pattern for pattern analysis. However, the long histogram created by Local Binary Pattern is not suitable for large-scale facial database. This paper presents a simple facial pattern descriptor for facial expression recognition. Local pattern is computed based on local gradient flow from one side to another side through the center pixel in a 3x3 pixels region...

Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (NMF) algorithms have been utilized in a wide range of real applications. NMF is done by several researchers to its part based representation property especially in the facial expression recognition problem. It decomposes a face image into its essential parts (e.g. nose, lips, etc.) but in all previous attempts, it is neglected that all features achieved by NMF ...

introduction: intraparotid neurofibromas of the facial nerve are extremely rare and mostly associated with neurofibromatosis type 1 (nf1). case report: this is a case of a healthy 40-year-old man, which underwent surgery for a preoperatively diagnosed benign parotid gland lesion. after identification of the facial nerve main trunk, a single large mass (6 x 3 cm) incorporating the upper nerve di...

introduction: nager syndrome is a malformation resulting from problems in the development of the first and second branchial arches and limb buds. the cause of the abnormal development of the pharyngeal arches in nager syndrome is unknown. it is also unclear why affected individuals have bone abnormalities in their arms and legs. nager syndrome is thought to have an autosomal recessive inheritan...

turner syndrome is one of the best known chromosome anomalies in human being, by an approximate incidence of 1/2500 female at birth. the cause is a chromosomal aberration, mainly with the karyotype 45, x. ninety six patients aged 6 to 26 years with short stature were studied for chromosomal anomalies. out of these 82 were phenotypically female and 14 phenotypically male. twenty seven showed abn...

A 14-year-old who had 7episodes of relapsing unita­leral paralysis of facial nerve during 7 year-;. was admit­ted to the hospital. The X-Ray revealed Osteopetrosis, and the bone biopsy was proved this diagnosis. But there was not any bone fracture, or anemia. Pressure over fa­cial nerve caused by condensation of entire facial nerve canal. was detected by tomographia. Probablv intermitant facial...

background :soft tissue profile can be widely different in various populations. furthermore, this profile can be also continues to change throughout life. however, there are few studies that quantitatively evaluate the soft tissue profile in iranian population. in order to determine normal reference values of facial parts in our populations, we aimed to measure standards for facial soft tissue ...

The generalized Higgs mass term NH1H2 of the supersymmetric standard model is used to implement the Peccei-Quinn Symmetry to solve the strongCP problem. Then supersymmetry breaking can generate the Higgs mass parameter μ of order m3/2 through soft-breaking parameters. This kind of extension contains extra light fields of the axion supermultiplet whose dominant coupling may come from the supersy...