Fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FBS) is a relatively safe procedure, commonly used in intensive care, both to monitor and maintain airways and for the diagnosis the pathology of the pulmonary parenchyma [1, 2]. It is usually practiced in emergency conditions on critically ill patients, who are intubated by controlled ventilation or by non-invasive assisted ventilation. In the latter case bronchoscopy ...

Anesthesia was induced with sevoflurane via facemask, intravenous access times two was established and the trachea was intubated. A radial arterial line was placed for hemodynamic monitoring and serial arterial blood gas analysis. Anesthetic maintenance proceeded with propofol and remifentanil infusions and half MAC desflurane to facilitate neuromonitoring. Baseline SSEP and MEP signals were ob...

External distraction using a rigid external distractor (RED) frame (RED frame II, KLS-Martin, Jacksonville, USA) is frequently used for maxillary distraction and reconstruction.[1-3] Airway management with the RED frame could be a greater risk of failed intubation/extubation. It could significantly interfere with ventilation with a face mask or intubation by direct laryngoscopy. However, anaest...

To the Editor:—In a recent letter, Erickson and Lanier reported on a useful method to preoxygenate claustrophobic patients who will not tolerate a facemask, by having the patients hold the L-connector of the anesthesia circuit in their mouth. They may be interested to know that an identical method, complete with an almost identical photograph, was published as a correspondence by Keifer and Sti...

One of the main preventive measures recognized by WHO and implemented to mitigate COVID-19 epidemic impact, controlling transmission coronavirus, was use a facemask. Since facemask is an accessory that can be used several hours day, through which air we breathe passes, in contact with face skin, it must not cause discomfort wearer contain toxic, irritating or sensitizing substances. Therefore, ...

PURPOSE Guinea pigs have been increasingly used as an animal model for experimental myopia. Infant guinea pigs are susceptible to recovery from myopia within 2 weeks of form deprivation. This study investigated whether adolescent guinea pigs are susceptible to recovery from myopia after a longer period of form deprivation. METHOD Twenty-two guinea pigs (age of 3 weeks) were randomly assigned ...

BACKGROUND Maxillary protraction with the novel N2 mini-implant- and micro-implant-assisted rapid palatal expander (MARPE) can potentially provide significant skeletal effects without surgery, even in older patients where conventional facemask therapy has limited skeletal effects. However, the skeletal effects of altering the location and direction of force from mini-implant-assisted maxillary ...