BACKGROUND Extracellular vesicles in yeast cells are involved in the molecular traffic across the cell wall. In yeast pathogens, these vesicles have been implicated in the transport of proteins, lipids, polysaccharide and pigments to the extracellular space. Cellular pathways required for the biogenesis of yeast extracellular vesicles are largely unknown. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We cha...

INTRODUCTION There is renewed interest in extracellular vesicles over the past decade or 2 after initially being thought of as simple cellular garbage cans to rid cells of unwanted components. Although there has been intense research into the role of extracellular vesicles in the fields of tumour and stem cell biology, the possible role of extracellular vesicles in nerve regeneration is just in...

The focus on Stem cells provides a considerable attention in translational medicine for their potential capacity in terms of tissue regeneration, repair and as drug delivery. Recent evidences showed that stem cells secrete small vesicles into the extracellular milieu, known as extracellular vesicles (EVs). They are known to carry a repertoire of mRNAs, miRNAs, DNA, proteins, and lipids that can...

The concept that extracellular vesicles may act as paracrine/endocrine effectors is based on the evidence that they are able to transport bioactive molecules between cells, either within a defined microenvironment or remotely, by entering the biologic fluids. Extracellular vesicles, including exosomes and microvesicles, may deliver lipids and various functional transcripts, released from the ce...

An efficient drug delivery is the prerequisite of the successful chemotherapeutic treatments of many human diseases. Despite a great number of approaches, the improvement of drug cell internalization remains an actual research challenge. We propose a new biological delivery system based on the extracellular vesicles released by a non-pathological eukaryotic microorganism, Dictyostelium discoide...

O n the 8th and 9th of November, 71 scientists working in the field of extracellular vesicles from different laboratories in Spain met together in Segovia to present and discuss their research advances in this transformative and catalytic new field in translational biomedicine. The symposium was started with opening and welcoming words from Marı́a Yáñez-Mó of Hospital Santa Cristina, Instituto d...

BACKGROUND Fungal extracellular vesicles are able to cross the cell wall and transport molecules that help in nutrient acquisition, cell defense, and modulation of the host defense machinery. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Here we present a detailed lipidomic analysis of extracellular vesicles released by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis at the yeast pathogenic phase. We compared data of two rep...

Cryptococcus neoformans and distantly related fungal species release extracellular vesicles that traverse the cell wall and contain a varied assortment of components, some of which have been associated with virulence. Previous studies have suggested that these extracellular vesicles are produced in vitro and during animal infection, but the role of vesicular secretion during the interaction of ...