The diagnosis of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) remains a significant clinical difficulty, primarily because of the insufficient sensitivity of conventional bacteriologic methods for detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis in extrapulmonary specimens. The PCR assays innovated in the developed countries are based on the genetic make-up of strains of Mycobacterial species circulating in those r...

OBJECTIVE To understand the current status and trends of tuberculosis mortality rates in China. METHODS In 2010, 161 National Disease Surveillance Points representing all 31 mainland provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions of China collected tuberculosis mortality surveillance data, including age, sex, region, and type of tuberculosis (all, pulmonary, and extra-pulmonary). The morta...

BACKGROUND Almost all patients under general anesthesia for surgery need mechanical ventilation. The harmful effects of short-term intra-operative ventilation on pulmonary integrity are increasingly recognized. Recent investigations suggest protection against so-called ventilation-associated lung injury with the use of lower tidal volumes and/or the use of higher levels of positive end-expirato...

Congenital extra hepatic port systemic shunt, is a rare clinical entity which can lead to hepatopulmonary syndrome wherein blood from portal vein directly drains into circulation, causing an alteration in metabolism of pulmonary vasoactive substances, vasodilatation, diffusion-perfusion defects, and eventually, arterial hypoxemia due either increase vascular resistance or the creation arteriove...

Introduction Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common rheumatologic disorder of childhood. It is a group of diseases characterized by chronic synovitis, associated with many extra-articular manifestations including pulmonary involvement, usually in the systemic type. Alterations of pulmonary function in JIA may be a complication of the underlying disease or related to treatment wi...

methods in a cross-sectional study, 164 adult patients who were admitted to the icu of a teaching hospital were screened for nasal and extra-nasal carriage of mrsa. in addition, the icu-hospitalized patients were evaluated for mrsa acquisition during their icu stay. results out of the 164 patients admitted to the icu, 12 (7.3%) patients were methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus (mssa) ...