background: laron syndrome, is a disease that treated by igf-1. this protein is a single chain and has three disulfide bonds. people with laron syndrome have low rates of cancer and diabetes, although they appear to be at increased risk of casual death due to their stature. igf-1 is synthesized by many tissues and is secreted from liver as an endocrine hormone which is transmitted to other tiss...

background: finding shows that there were several problems in the treatment of helicobacter pylori infection such as the emergence of resistance to the antibiotics, the risk of recrudescence, and the high cost of treatment. the ineffectiveness of conventional treatment mechanisms against cancer cells reveals the importance of peptides as a novel therapeutic approach. however, the short length o...

The cloning of genes expressing proteins that are differentially expressed in the organ microvasculature has the potential to address a variety of problems ranging from the analysis of disease pathogenesis to drug targeting for particular tissues. This study describes a methodology designed to analyze differential protein expression in the brain microvasculature. The method can be applied to ot...

A new replicon suitable for cloning and gene expression was successfully introduced into Streptococcus pneumoniae. The non-integrative lactococcal vectors pIL253 (higher-copy) and pIL252 (lower-copy), which are based on the promiscuous theta-replicating plasmid pAMβ1, were established in pneumococcus. The stability and the small size of these plasmids, together with the presence of a helpful mu...

Wounding ¡sa prerequisite for tumor formation in \-jun transgenic mice. The progression from wound to dermal sarcoma is a multistep process which, at some stage, results in an increase in transgene mRNA expression in tumor tissue. However, transgene expression in individual sarcoma cells stained for Jun protein cultures is heterogeneous. We cloned several cell lines from wound-related \-jun tr...

Wounding is a prerequisite for tumor formation in v-jun transgenic mice. The progression from wound to dermal sarcoma is a multistep process which, at some stage, results in an increase in transgene mRNA expression in tumor tissue. However, transgene expression in individual sarcoma cells stained for Jun protein cultures is heterogeneous. We cloned several cell lines from wound-related v-jun tr...

background: leishmania homologue of receptors for activated c kinase(lack) antigen is a 36-kda protein, which provokes a very early immune response against leishmania infection. there are several reports on the expression of lack through different life-cycle stages of genus leishmania , but only a few of them have focused on l.tropica . methods: the present study provides details of the cloning...