background: protozoa related to trypanosome family including leishmania , synthesize enzymes to escape from drug therapy. one of them is ptr1 that its enzymatic activity is similar to dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr). dihydrofolate reductase - thymidylate synthase has a major role in dna synthesis, if it is inhibited, the result would be the death of parasite. since ptr1 activity is similar to dh...

lentinan a polysaccharide from medicinal mushroom i.e lentinus, has been known to have anticancer properties. telomerase activity is not observed in normal healthy cells, whereas in cancerous cells telomerase expression is high. telomerase represents a promising cancer therapeutic target. we investigated the inhibitory effect of lentinan on telomerase reverse transcriptase gene (htert) which is...

conclusions the gp40/15 gene, which was cloned in the pet28a+, was successfully expressed and produced in e. coli. therefore, this protein can be used in future studies to develop recombinant vaccines and diagnostic kits. methods in this experimental study, the gp40/15 gene sequence was extracted from genbank (no. af155624) and cloned in the pet28a+ plasmid. colony polymerase chain reaction (pc...

sulfur mustard (sm) has been identified as an important chemical weapon. during the iran-iraq war of 1980-88, the extensive usage of sm against iranian civilians and military forces was proven. this agent has been shown to cause severe damage mainly in the skin, eyes, lungs,  and  respiratory  tract  in  iranian  veterans.  the  most  common  disease  is bronchiolitis obliterans (bo)). sm incre...

background: the aim of this study was to evaluate over expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (egfr) gene in localized prostate cancers and determine its relation with clinical and pathological factors affecting the progression of the disease. methods: in the tissue samples of the patients with prostate cancer undergoing radical prostatectomy, egfr expression was evaluated by immunohist...

objective(s):previous studies demonstrate that changes in pre-mrna splicing play a significant role in human disease development. furthermore, many cancer-associated genes are regulated by alternative splicing. there are mounting evidences that splice variants which express predominantly in tumors, have clear diagnostic value and may provide potential drug targets. located on the x chromosome, ...

objective(s): we aimed to examine association of gene expression of mor1 and glun1 at mrna level in the lumbosacral cord and midbrain with morphine tolerance in male wistar rats. materials and methods: analgesic effects of morphine administrated intraperitoneally at doses of 0.1, 1, 5 and 10 mg/kg were examined using a hot plate test in rats with and without a history of 15 days morphine (10 mg...

introduction: in order to study the alterations of beta 1 and 2 integrins mrna level in rat lumbar spinal cord following the induction of chronic pain and its effect on the development of tolerance to morphine analgesia, we examined the level of expression of these genes in the presence of chronic pain, which is an inhibitor of morphine tolerance. we used induction of chronic pain alone and in ...

background: dense granule antigens (gra antigens) of toxoplasma gondii induce strong antibody response in humans and are considered as useful diagnostic antigens. previous studies reported expression of amino terminal gra8 protein in fusion with large tags such as glutathione-s-transferase. the present study aimed to produce soluble full length immunogenic gra8 in bacteria. methods: gra8 comple...

the development of a therapeutic vaccine against human papillomavirus (hpv) is important for the control of cervical cancer. e7 is the major transforming protein produced in cervical cancers, and therefore represents potential tumor-specific antigen that could be the target of immunotherapy for cervical cancer. among different vaccine strategies, protein-based vaccines are capable of generating...