The recent sharp appreciation of the Canadian dollar vs. the US dollar poses difficulties for the Canadian economy and reignites the debate as to whether Canada should fix the Canadian dollar to the US dollar by implementing a unilateral peg or forming a monetary union. We compare the welfare of different combinations of monetary and currency policies in an open-economy macroeconomic model that...

We investigate the impact of imports intermediate inputs on export value and portfolio among Spanish regular two-way trade manufacturing firms over period 1997–2018. After controlling for firm characteristics addressing endogeneity, we find that import from non-EUEFTA countries enhance volume scope their EU15 exports. The magnitude is similar high-income low-income there are no changes in sourc...

Product cycle theory has developed countries inventing goods and developing countries copying them. Once copying takes place, developed countries abandon the market – either outright, or through vertical differentiation – because of developing country cost advantages. Matching US imports and exports at the product level, I find evidence of both reactions – moving up and moving out – across manu...

International trade is a way to strengthen relations between country and other countries, especially in the economic field. Indonesia that has abundant natural wealth among such as oil gas non-oil gas. an exporting importing of Inflation affects value exports imports Indonesia. This study aims determine direction magnitude balance on inflation Indonesian region 1996-2021. The method used quanti...

This study explored the impact of international trade on economic growth Philippines covering period 1981 to 2019. The study’s objective is achieved by employing Multivariate Ordinary Least Squares Regression (with annual Real GDP as regressand, and Exports, Imports, Trade Openness, Exchange rate, Gross Capital Formation, Foreign Direct Investment regressors). key findings are follows: (1) Expa...

This study aims to analyze the effect of exports and imports crude oil on foreign exchange reserves in Indonesia from 1996 2018. uses secondary data multiple linear regression data. The results partially show that have a negative significant reserves, Crude positive reserve. Simultaneously, Indonesia. amount influence is 0.7661 or 76.61%, while rest influenced by other variables outside model 2...

We estimate CO2 implicitly contained in traded commodities based on the GTAP 7 data: While net carbon imports into the industrialized countries amount to 15% of their total emissions, net carbon exports of the developing countries amount to 12% of their total emissions, and net carbon exports of China amount to 24% of China's total emissions. We also analyze policies under a global per capita e...

Description The Market Surveillance Panel (MSP), in all of its periodic reports, noted that the one-hour ahead pre-dispatch demand is persistently higher than the real-time peak demand. In its latest report, the MSP has further noted that this upward bias in demand forecasting is most prevalent in certain key hours, namely hours 23 and 24. The MSP has identified this persistent over-forecast of...

Recent studies offer an ambiguous picture on the effectiveness of foreign aid in strengthening the export capacity of recipient countries. Moreover, the literature on aid for trade (AfT) has often neglected that exporters in the donor countries may be among the main beneficiaries. We hypothesize that AfT is as much in the self-interest of donor countries as it may have promoted the exports of r...

This study examine the impact of Albanian free trade agreements on the overall economy in general and in agriculture sector, exports and imports in particular, turning out to be increased in significant amounts. These trade agreements have provided the Albanian economy with a competitive advantage and economic space. Among the countries with which Albania has free trade agreements Turkey, Kosov...