The Deccan Trap continental flood basalt eruptions of India occurred c. 67–63 Ma, thus spanning the Cretaceous–Tertiary boundary (65 Ma). Deccan eruptions were coeval with an interval of profound global environmental and climatic changes and widespread extinctions, and this timing has sparked controversy regarding the relative influence of Deccan volcanism upon endCretaceous catastrophic events...

Abstract. Volcanic eruptions are the dominant cause of natural variability in climate forcing on timescales up to multidecadal. Large volcanic lead global-scale effects and influence carbon cycle long timescales. However, estimating frequency is challenging. Here we assess at which with particular deposition fluxes observed EPICA Dome C ice core over last 200 kyr. Using S isotope analysis confi...

We address, through quantitative analysis of results from independent studies, the control discharge rate explosive volcanic eruptions on runout distance highly hazardous pyroclastic density currents. analyze with statistical methods data 47 well-documented currents runouts ?3–185 km and generated by minor to super-eruptions rates Q?107–1012 kg/s. Our shows first that during phase is average 13...

Following the installation of the Ocean Observatories Initiative cabled array, the 2015 eruption of Axial Seamount, Juan de Fuca ridge, became the first submarine eruption to be captured in real time by seafloor seismic and acoustic instruments. This eruption also marked the first instance where the entire eruption cycle of a submarine volcano, from the previous eruption in 2011 to the end of t...

A major hazard during the eruption of explosive volcanoes is the formation of pyroclastic density currents (PDCs). Casualties and physical building damage from PDCs are caused by the temperature, pressure, and particle load of the flow. This paper examines the vulnerability of buildings and occupants to the forces imposed by PDCs along with associated infiltration of PDC particle and gas mixtur...

We conducted rapid decompression experiments using bubble-bearing viscoelastic fluid in a vertical shock tube. We varied vesicularity / and pressure difference between the inside Pg and the outside Po of the bubbles, DP=Pg Po, to understand the behavior of bubbly-magmas under rapid decompression. We find that the potential energy, which depends on the initial vesicularity /, Pg, and Po, determi...

Introduction: Although mafic components of dominantly intermediate to silicic ignimbrites are rather common, voluminous, dominantly mafic ignimbrites are rare (e.g., Smith, 1979; cf. Freundt and Schmincke, 1995). Volcán Villarrica, the most active composite volcano in South America, located in the Southern Andean Volcanic Zone (SAVZ, López-Escobar and Moreno, 1994a), has produced two such ignim...

Atmospheric gravity waves can be excited by explosive volcanic eruptions and may reach Earth's upper atmosphere. In this study, we report on mesoscale concentric observed in the mesopause airglow layer following La Soufriere volcano eruption April 2021. A large ash plume spaceborne Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer instrument 10 reached ∼20 km. Temporal evolution of was provided GOES-16 Adv...