Previous studies indicate that Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients exhibit deficits in tests of explicit memory such as free recall, but show normal priming on implicit tests of memory such as word stem completion. However, the memory performance of patients with different MS disease subtypes has not been fully examined. In the current study, memory was assessed in Primary Progressive (PPMS), Rela...

This study investigates mood congruence effect in explicit and implicit memory tasks in 23 inpatients fulfilling DSM-III-R criteria for major depressive disorder. Performances were compared to those of 15 in- or outpatients fulfilling DSM-III-R criteria for schizophrenia, and 37 normal subjects serving as euthymics controls. All subjects were submitted to a standard cued recall test and to a wo...

The present study examined the impact of engaging frontal-mediated working memory processes on implicit and explicit category learning. Two stimulus dimensions were relevant to categorization, but in some conditions, a third, irrelevant dimension was also presented. Results indicated that in both implicit and explicit conditions, the inclusion of the irrelevant dimension impaired performance by...

In 5 experiments, participants read study words under conditions of divided or full attention. Dividing attention reduced performance on the general knowledge test, a conceptual implicit test of memory. Likewise, dividing attention reduced conceptual priming on the word--association task, as well as on a matched explicit test, associate-cued recall. In contrast, even very strong division of att...

The levels of processing (LoP) effect was studied in Chinese character completion tasks. The same stem cue, either graphemically or semantically related to the target character, was used to generate either a perceptual or a conceptual test. Participants received either direct or indirect instructions, so that the same stem cue also produced either an explicit or an implicit test of memory. This...

Recent evidence indicates that implicit memory may be preserved during general anaesthesia. We tested for the presence of explicit and implicit memory in patients undergoing surgical procedures with local or regional anaesthesia and sedation with propofol. Initial i.v. boluses of propofol 0.5 mg kg-1 and fentanyl 1 microgram kg-1 were administered, followed by an infusion of propofol 50 microgr...

Twelve patients with anorexia nervosa and 12 control participants watched a series of 64 words. There were 4 word types: anorexia related, positive, negative, and neutral. The last 3 types were anorexia unrelated. Anorexia-related words had the same affective valence as the neutral control words. Next, the participants completed an explicit memory test (cued recall) and an implicit memory test ...

This review examines existing cognitive experimental and brain imaging research related to cocaine addiction. In section 1, previous studies that have examined cognitive processes, such as implicit and explicit memory processes in cocaine users are reported. Next, in section 2, brain imaging studies are reported that have used chronic users of cocaine as study participants. In section 3, severa...

R. Ratcliff and G. McKoon (1995) describe 7 experiments that led them to conclude that priming of possible but not impossible objects on the object decision task introduced by D.L. Schacter, L.A. Cooper, & S.M. Delaney (1990) is attributable to explicit memory processes that offset a bias to call studied objects "possible." On the basis of this point, Ratcliff and McKoon (1995) claim to have un...

The striatum and medial temporal lobe play important roles in implicit and explicit memory, respectively. Furthermore, recent studies have linked striatal dopamine modulation to both implicit as well as explicit sequence learning and suggested a potential role of the striatum in the emergence of explicit memory during sequence learning. With respect to aging, previous findings indicated that im...