BACKGROUND The National Travel Health Network and Centre (NaTHNaC) introduced a program of registration, training, standards, and audit for yellow fever vaccination centers (YFVCs) in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland (EWNI) in 2005. Prior to rolling out the program, NaTHNaC surveyed YFVCs in England. OBJECTIVES To reassess the practice of YFVCs in 2009, 4 years after the institution of th...

In The Gambia, West Africa, the prevalence of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in adults exceeds eight percent and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been the most frequent type of malignancy. Two population-based intervention studies to control HBV infection, namely, GHIS (Gambia Hepatitis Intervention Study) and PROLIFICA (Prevention of Liver Fibrosis and Cancer in Africa), are discu...

BACKGROUND A quadrivalent human papillomavirus (HPV 6/11/16/18) vaccine has recently received regulatory approval in Taiwan for the prevention of cervical carcinoma, high-grade cervical dysplasia (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2/3 [CIN 2/3]), low-grade cervical dysplasia (CIN 1), high-grade vulvar and vaginal dysplasia, and external genital warts. OBJECTIVE To examine the potential long-...

Tetanus vaccination is part of the Norwegian childhood vaccination program. An elderly woman injured her arm and leg after a minor fall on her outdoor stairs. Two weeks later she presented with trismus. This developed into tetanic spasms, obstructed airways and the need for a tracheostomy. She died 14 days later due to pneumonia and multi-organ failure. ELISA for tetanus toxoid IgG was negative...

In Japan, mass vaccination for diphtheria, pertussis, and/or tetanus has been mandated by the Vaccination Law since 1948. In order to evaluate the efficacy of this vaccination policy, we conducted seroepidemiological studies on pertussis, diphtheria, and tetanus among individuals aged 0 - 80 years. The pertussis toxin seropositive rates of the vaccine-eligible groups and vaccine-ineligible grou...

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to monitor the cases identified as hepatitis B carriers during premarital tests, to vaccinate their prospective spouses with a rapid vaccination scheme, and to compare the anti-HBs responses with the traditional vaccination scheme. METHODS Blood samples of 1250 couple spouses were tested for HBsAg and anti-HBs. HBsAg positive cases' fiancées which were fou...

background: for healthcare workers, sometimes the conventional hepatitis-b virus (hbv) vaccination schedule might not provide seroconversion rapidly enough. the aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of conventional hbv vaccination with an accelerated schedule (days 0-1-21). normal 0 false false false en-us x-none ar-sa materials and methods: in this randomized clinical trial, 161 health...

BACKGROUND Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a highly contagious and widespread viral infection of small ruminants (goats and sheep), causing heavy economic losses in many developing countries. Therefore, its progressive control and global eradication by 2030 was defined as a priority by international organizations addressing animal health. The control phase of the global strategy is based on...

The Korean influenza national immunization program was first established as an interim program in 1997, administering the influenza vaccine to low-income elderly adults. In 2005, the program assumed its present form of providing free influenza vaccination to adults aged ≥65 years. After turning over the influenza vaccination for elderly adults to the private sectors in 2015, the influenza vacci...