Dairy cattle barns are a major source of NH3 emissions to the atmosphere. Previous studies have shown that the bedding material used in the barn can influence the magnitude of NH3 emissions, but little is known about which bedding characteristics are important in this respect. The aims of this study were to assess, at a laboratory scale, the relative importance of the chemical [pH, cation excha...

The concentration of viruses from sewage by adsorption on and elution from an insoluble cross-linked copolymer of maleic anhydride is described. Viruses either added to sewage or naturally contained in sewage were preferentially adsorbed to this polyelectrolyte at a pH range of 5.0 to 6.0 and were eluted at pH 8.0 to 9.0. In a 2-month survey of viruses in sewage in the spring (April to May 1968...

It has recently been stated (Sheldon, 1949) that none of the methods described for conducting ' balance ' experiments on incontinent children have as yet proved satisfactory. We are prompted, therefore, to describe the method which we have employed for some time in this hospitaL A special type of bed is used, designed on the principle of the metabolic cage for animal experiments. It consists of...

In Chapter 3, the prevalence of zoonotic pathogens in animal populations was discussed. In the present Chapter, methods used to reduce these zoonotic pathogens in animal populations and their waste products are presented. However, it must be borne in mind that farm-level interventions are rarely primarily aimed at reducing risks associated with waterborne disease in humans; most commonly the ob...

The older determinations on minute quantities of iodine may be divided into two classes: those that gave too high results, and those that gave negative results. There is certainly room for improvement in methods, but the method described in this paper is believed to be the most accurate now known. The possible error depends on the percentage of iodine. The adequacy of the method is based on two...

Ensuring future food and energy security will require large changes in consumption production patterns, including enhanced animal human excreta recycling. Although these shifts are considered many scenario studies, their implications on the logistical requirements for effective recycling rarely analysed. Here we translated two existing stakeholder co-designed system scenarios Sweden to 5 × km r...