This is a three hour examination. All questions carry the same weight. Answer all of the following six questions. • Please check to see that your name and address are correct as printed on your blue-card. • Please print your name on each exam booklet. Answer each question in a separate booklet, and number each booklet according to the question. Read the questions carefully. Keep your answers le...

Candidates need to be familiar with the Board’s Glossary of Key Words, which contains some terms commonly used in examination questions. However, candidates should also be aware that not all questions will start with, or contain, any key word from the glossary. Questions such as ‘how?’, ‘why?’ or ‘to what extent?’ may be asked, or verbs that are not included in the glossary may be used, such as...

This paper reports on a next step in a line o f research taking the perspective that modelling as an activity is a ‘constrained conversation’. We focus on concrete communication situations in context o f (enterprise) modelling sessions, with special attention to the involvement o f ‘novice modellers’. We present some theoretical notions that are helpful in understanding why modelling performed ...

What I tell you three times is true LEWIS CARROLL Introduction In the familiar two-person game "Guess a Number", the first player chooses a number c in a certain set S, and the second player tries to find the secret number, by asking a few questions, to which the first player can only answer yes or no. Here, one might correctly object that since 1 is the only odd number in S that is also smalle...

Why is there the “top level” in Clarion? Cognitively speaking, we need to capture the explicit knowledge that humans do exhibit (e.g., what they express when they verbalize). The existence of such knowledge is well established, as the distinction between implicit and explicit knowledge has been amply demonstrated (see, e.g., Reber 1989, Stadler and Frensch 1998, Sun et al 2005). Therefore it ne...

Contact center agents typically respond to email queries from customers by selecting predefined answer templates that relate to the questions present in the customer query. In this paper we present a technique to automatically select the answer templates corresponding to a customer query email. Given a set of query-response email pairs we find the associations between the actual questions and a...

We present NewsQA, a challenging machine comprehension dataset of over 100,000 question-answer pairs. Crowdworkers supply questions and answers based on a set of over 10,000 news articles from CNN, with answers consisting in spans of text from the corresponding articles. We collect this dataset through a fourstage process designed to solicit exploratory questions that require reasoning. A thoro...

BACKGROUND Misconceptions are ideas that are inconsistent with current scientific views. They are difficult to detect and refractory to change. Misconceptions can negatively influence how new concepts in science are learned, but are rarely measured in biomedical courses. Early identification of misconceptions is of critical relevance for effective teaching, but presents a difficult task for tea...