A foundational element of modern healthcare is an evidence-based practice. However, the conduct of research to generate evidence and the subsequent application of research findings are viewed by many Canadian healthcare organizations as separate from healthcare delivery. This mindset impedes effective translation of knowledge into practice. In this article, underlying issues that enable this di...

Bibliometric Evaluation vs. Informed Peer Review: Evidence from Italy A relevant question for the organization of large scale research assessments is whether bibliometric evaluation and informed peer review where reviewers know where the work was published, yield similar results. It would suggest, for instance, that less costly bibliometric evaluation might at least partly replace informed peer...

"Degree of certainty" refers to the subjective belief, prior to feedback, that a decision is correct. A reliable estimate of certainty is essential for prediction, learning from mistakes, and planning subsequent actions when outcomes are not immediate. It is generally thought that certainty is informed by a neural representation of evidence at the time of a decision. Here we show that certainty...

BACKGROUND The effective and timely integration of the best available research evidence into healthcare practice has considerable potential to improve the quality of provided care. Knowledge translation (KT) approaches aim to develop, implement, and evaluate strategies to address the research-practice gap. However, most KT research has been directed toward implementation strategies that apply c...

This paper studies the electoral effects of town hall meetings based on programmatic, nonclientelist platforms. The experiment involves the cooperation of leading candidates in a presidential election in Benin. A campaign strategy based solely on these meetings was assigned to randomly selected villages and compared to the standard strategy of clientelist rallies. We !nd that treatment reduces ...

There is widespread dissatisfaction with the current modes of paying for health care. Created by Prometheus Payment, evidence-informed case rates (ECRs) are designed to create fair payments for all providers delivering care to a patient for a particular condition. ECRs would combine global fees with an allowance for complications and performance incentives.The authors model ECRs for two scenari...

This paper studies the electoral effects of town hall meetings based on programmatic, nonclientelist platforms. The experiment involves the cooperation of leading candidates in a presidential election in Benin. A campaign strategy based solely on these meetings was assigned to randomly selected villages and compared to the standard strategy of clientelist rallies. We find that treatment reduces...

Two themes feature prominently in current National Health Service (NHS) priorities: the importance of evidence-based health care and the value of informed choice for users of health services. There is evidence both within and outside health care showing that choices are in ̄uenced by the way options are presented. Nearly 20 000 women each year in the United Kingdom will have an uncomplicated bre...