The INSPIRE services network architecture establishes rules for architectural model of the European Spatial Data Infrastructure. Each Member State of the European Union should create new services or adapt existing ones according to the implementing rules derived from the INSPIRE directive. The INSPIRE Drafting Team responsible for services implementing rules has agreed that services should be W...

TOOLSET M. C. Sinclair Introduction In recent years there has been a growing interest in the potential of multiwavelength all-optical transport networks to provide the huge bandwidth necessary if broadband services are widely adopted. As part of this e ort, this paper provides an overview of a toolset for optical network optimisation, modelling and design (NOMaD) [1, 2]. The toolset is used as ...

This paper outlines a theoretical framework for a research project in progress focusing on the management of information systems at different levels in government through the use of enterprise architecture in conjunction with the European Interoperability Framework. In response to the growing business and civilian demands for improved service and efficiency, public sectors in Europe are restruc...

As part of the European Strategic Programme for Research in Information Technology (ESPRIT), the Delta4 project is seeking to define an open, fault-tolerant, distributed computing architccturc. The Delta-4 approach to fault-tolerance is based upon the replication of software components on distinct host computers using a range of different replication strategies. teraction faults (intrusions) an...

Backed by the European Commission, a consortium of partners from European industry, financial institutions, and academia has embarked on a research project to develop the fundamentals of secure electronic commerce. The goal of the ACTS Project SEMPER (Secure Electronic Marketplace for Europe) is to provide the first open and comprehensive solution for secure commerce over the Internet and other...

Identity-management systems play a key role in various areas for applications and e-Government processes where access to sensitive data needs to be protected and regulated. To protect this sensitive date, the identity-management system provides all necessary functionality to service providers to manage digital identities and handle the identification and authentication process. This identificat...

European Rail Traffic Management System (ERTMS) is the European reference for interoperable and safer signaling systems to efficiently manage trains running. If implemented, it allows trains cross seamlessly intra-European national borders. ERTMS has defined a secure communication protocol, EURORADIO, based on open communication networks. Its RadioInfill function can improve the reaction of the...

The deepening of European integration has weakened the traditional coercive monopoly of the state on actors and resources that are crucial for the stability of redistributive institutions. The article explores these issues adopting a “state-building” perspective and drawing on Stein Rokkan’s pioneering insights on boundary building and internal structuring. The first part of the article briefly...

from 60 decade  sustainability issues  and sustainable developing  have opened a way in scientific meetings associated with  environment and urbanization and architecture. sustainability goals are improving of environment situation , less pollution  and at least interference on  land and interaction of  natural and artificial environment , that most of these cases attracted attention in archite...