The ethical constraints forced on an investment fund satisfy the fulfilment of humanitarian aims but may lower the investment profitability. Hence, when we measure the performance of ethical mutual funds we cannot disregard the ethical component. In this contribution we propose a performance indicator which considers the expected return, the investment risk, the ethical component and the subscr...

Background: Ethical validity and ethics of biology is still one of the challenges of today's organizations because efficiency and effectiveness of these two factors are important so managers need to take it seriously so that they can divert employees from unethical practices by portraying useful ethics. And instead help them to do ethical duties. Based on this necessity, the present study aimed...