In this paper a methodology for the three dimensional (3D) modeling and simulation of the profile evolution during anisotropic wet etching of silicon based on the level set method is presented. Etching rate anisotropy in silicon is modeled taking into account full silicon symmetry properties, by means of the interpolation technique using experimentally obtained values for the etching rates alon...

Freeze etching of solute model systems (e.g., glycerol or ferritin solutions) demonstrates that cryofixation can introduce serious artifacts due to the segregation of the dissolved or dispersed material from the solvent. Since, in principle, this problem can be reduced by increasing the cooling rate, a new technique has been developed which combines spray freezing with freeze etching. This spra...

Literature presents inconsistent results on the antibacterial activity of dentine bonding systems (DBS). Antibacterial activity of adhesive systems depends on several factors, including composition and acidity. Flow cytometry is a novel detection method to measure multiple characteristics of a single cell: total cell number, structural (size, shape), and functional parameters (viability, cell c...

Solid State Nuclear Track Detectors (SSNTDs) are used extensively for monitoring alpha particle radiation, neutron flux and cosmic ray radiation. Radon gas inhalation is regarded as being a significant contributory factor to lung cancer deaths in the UK each year. Gas concentrations are often monitored using CR39 based SSNTDs as the natural decay of radon results in alpha particles which form t...

Etching high aspect ratio trenches (HART’s) in silicon is becoming increasingly important for MEMS applications. Currently, the most important technique is dry reactive ion etching (ME). This paper presents solutions for the most notorious problems during etching HART’s: tilting and the aspect ratio dependent etching effects such as bowing, RIE lag, bottling, and micrograss or black silicon. To...

background: repair bond strength of different composite resins has been assessed in few studies. in addition, reports on the effi cacy of surface treatments are debated. therefore, this in vitro study was conducted to evaluate the effect of three surface treatments on two nanocomposites versus a microhybrid composite. materials and methods: in this experimental study, 135 composite blocks (45 s...

The inductively coupled plasma etching characteristics of Co2MnSi thin films patterned using a TiN hard mask were investigated by the addition of CH3OH to Ar gas. As the CH3OH concentration increased, the etch rates of Co2MnSi magnetic thin films and TiN hard mask decreased, but the etch profile improved. The effects of rf power, dc-bias voltage and gas pressure on the etch rate and etch profil...

In a study of the effect of soil bacteria upon the etching power of the roots of Canada field peas upon polished marble, it has been shown that the presence of the bacteria increases the etching power of the roots.