1. There is a way of thinking about law that contemporary normative theorists on criminalization and legal punishment are particularly anxious about, and that way is to conceive law as involving legal coercion in the manner of threats. This way of conceiving law is unsurprising, especially when we look at criminal law; it prescribes requirements of conduct (e.g. do not murder) for which we are ...

In this paper, I connect the text of the Chinese tort law with the institutional context of lawmaking in China from a political economy perspective. Two determinants, political influence and populist pressure, were identified for the tort law legislation in China, and a simple spatial model is presented to demonstrate the mechanism through which these determinants might have affected the text o...

This article explores certain international law aspects of the Bhopal disaster, namely the principles and rules of international law establishing international accountability for environmental damage; the criteria for determining the liability of the Union Carbide Company (U. S. A.) for the Bhopal disaster; the criteria for determining compensation; and the international remedies available to t...

Many services have recently been offered based on a peer-to-peer (P2P) communication model. The robustness of the P2P network against frequent peer failure must be considered. Replication of the content is one of the most useful techniques to increase robustness. However, the overall effectiveness of replication is heavily dependent on the topology of the logical network. As topology of network...

In order to protect indigenous/traditional knowledge, intellectual property law must be leveraged in a way that is responsive to the dynamic inter-relationships between law, society and culture. Over the last decade, increased attention to Indigenous concerns has produced a wealth of literature and prompted recognition of the diverse needs of Indigenous peoples in relation to law, legal access ...

The health and welfare administration system in Japan is based on the concept of "welfare nation" in the Constitution, and the Ministry of Health and Welfare has prime responsibility for general health and welfare administration. There are two levels of the prefectural governments and municipal governments with their own assemblies. The health centers and the welfare offices are special and fir...

We consider the spatially flat Friedmann model ds = dt − a(t)(dx + dy + dz) . For a ≈ tp, especially, if p ≥ 1, this is called power-law inflation. For the Lagrangian L = Rm with p = −(m − 1)(2m − 1)/(m − 2) power-law inflation is an exact solution, as it is for Einstein gravity with a minimally coupled scalar field Φ in an exponential potential V (Φ) = exp(μΦ) and also for the higher-dimension...

Widespread adoption of uniform standards is essential to the smooth operation of our modern global economy. When private organizations develop such standards, copyright protection of those standards often creates a conoict between private intellectual property rights and society’s need for standards. This conoict is especially apparent when a local or state government adopts a privately drafted...

Multinational corporations pay great attention to the dismissal caused by enterprise owners (Arbeitgeberkündigung), especially in the fierce competition of market economy. In fact, the limits of dismissal rights of employers are also a key issue in human resources management. However, the importance of solving this problem reasonably is beyond the law itself. Once the rationality of the premise...

Much has changed in the ten years since I argued for Levinasian alternatives to the Law and Economics movements in one of the first articles on Levinas to appear in a U.S. law review. 1 Levinas scholarship has expanded considerably, especially with respect to the practical applications of his purposefully impractical philosophy. Despite his well-known aversion to the subject, Levinas' political...