The facultative photosynthetic bacterium Rhodobacter capsulatus can adapt from an anaerobic photosynthetic mode of growth to aerobic heterotrophic metabolism. As this adaptation occurs, the cells must rapidly halt bacteriochlorophyll synthesis to prevent phototoxic tetrapyrroles from accumulating, while still allowing heme synthesis to continue. A likely control point is Mg chelatase, the enzym...

Protoporphyrin IX dimethyl ester, a crystalline compound with a definite melting point, is generally used to identify protoporphyrin IX. Various methods of preparation (l-4) have been described in the literature. As indicated by Grinstein and Watson (5, S), application of chromatographic separation is necessary in order to obtain a pure product. By following the procedures thus far described in...

The role of inorganic metals and metalloporphyrins in the induction of mRNAs for haem oxygenase and heat-shock protein 70 (hsp70), the two heat-shock proteins, was examined in human HepG2 and Hep3B hepatoma cells. SnCl2, but not Sn-protoporphyrin, was found to be a potent inducer of both haem oxygenase and hsp70 mRNAs. In contrast, CoCl2, ZnCl2 and FeCl2 caused little induction of haem oxygenas...

An h.p.l.c. method was developed for the assay of coproporphyrinogen oxidase activity in rat liver. The protoporphyrinogen IX formed is completely oxidized to protoporphyrin IX for separation and quantification by reversed-phase chromatography with mesoporphyrin as the internal standard. The Km of coproporphrinogen oxidase is 1.01 +/- 0.23 microM. The activities are 4.07 +/- 0.40 nmol of protop...

BACKGROUND Zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP) has been used to screen and manage iron deficiency in individual children, but it has also been recommended to assess population iron status. The diagnostic utility of ZPP used in combination with haemoglobin concentration has not been evaluated in pre-school children. We aimed to a) identify factors associated with ZPP in children aged 12-36 months; b) asse...

Salt injury, as an abiotic stress factor, seriously affects the quality and yield of crops. This study was conducted by analyzing alternative splicing in control (CK), δ-aminolevulinic acid (ALA), NaCl, ALA + NaCl treatments wild jujube (Zizyphus spinosus (Bunge)Hu) using RNA-seq. It found that unique differential is closely related to alleviation salt analyzed intermediates chlorophyll synthes...

Metabolism of food protein by gut microbes produce trimethylamine which on oxidation hepatic flavin-containing monooxygenases is transformed to trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO). TMAO has recently been implicated as a biomarker for atherosclerosis. TMAO, (CH3)3N+–O−), ionic and so hydrophilic molecule that freely available in blood plasma. For the effective interaction with lipid-soluble molecules,...

The mechanisms that regulate the expression of the H chain of the iron storage protein ferritin in Friend erythroleukemia cells (FLCs) after exposure to hemin (ferric protoporphyrin IX), protoporphyrin IX, and ferric ammonium citrate (FAC) have been investigated. Administration of hemin increases the steady-state level of ferritin mRNA about 10-fold and that of ferritin protein expression 20-fo...

A high frequency ultrasound-coupled fluorescence tomography system, which was primarily designed for imaging protoporphyrin IX production in skin tumors in vivo, is demonstrated for the first time. Protoporphyrin IX is an endogenous, fluorescent molecule produced naturally in the heme biosynthesis pathway, with enhanced production in many cancerous tumors. The design couples non-contact fiber-b...