Background: Estrogen-receptor-beta (ER β), Progesterone-receptor (PR) and Vascularendothelial-growth-factor have been implicated to have a role in colorectal cancer. The expression of these markers and the clinicopathological significance of the same remain unclear. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the expression of these biological markers: ERβ, PR and VEGF in colorectal can...

Estetrol (E4) has strong antioxidative, neurogenic and angiogenic effects in neural system resulting in the attenuation of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. We aimed to define the role of estrogen receptors in E4-dependent actions in neuronal cell cultures and prove the promyelinating effect of E4. In vitro the antioxidative and cell survival/proliferating effects of E4 on H2O2-induced ...

Objective(s):Estrogen (E2) has neuroprotective effects on blood-brain-barrier (BBB) after traumatic brain injury (TBI). In order to investigate the roles of estrogen receptors (ERs) in these effects, ER-α antagonist (MPP) and, ER-β antagonist (PHTPP), or non-selective estrogen receptors antagonist (ICI 182780) were administered. Materials and Methods: Ovariectomized rats were divided into 10 gr...

The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression levels of estrogen receptor (ER) α and β and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (Her-2), as well as the distribution of breast cancer molecular subtypes in Uygur and Han breast cancer patients. Cancer tissues were collected and analyzed from 709 breast cancer patients enrolled between January 2000 and December 2010. The expres...

Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is a maternally inherited blinding disease characterized by degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and consequent optic nerve atrophy. Peculiar features of LHON are incomplete penetrance and gender bias, with a marked male prevalence. Based on the different hormonal metabolism between genders, we proposed that estrogens play a protective role in...

Aromatase cytochrome P450 (P450arom) is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of androgen to estrogen. Expression of P450arom in extra-gonadal sites and locally-synthesized estrogen play an important role in physiological conditions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the cellular immunolocalization of androgen receptor (AR), P450arom, estrogen receptor alpha (ERa) and estrogen rece...

All synthetic and natural estrogen receptor agonists, including the most potent physiological molecule estrogen or estradiol (E2), work typically via activation of nuclear estro-gen receptor alpha (ERα) and estrogen receptor beta (ERβ). Both ERα and ERβ modulate the expression of a variety of genes in the cells. Neurons and glial cells express ERα and ERβ. Many studies so far from our and other...

background: microrna (mirna) is small endogenous, single strand rna molecules that regulate gene expression at post-transcriptional level through several mechanisms to affect key cellular event including male germ cells differentiation, proliferation, development and apoptosis. mutation and/or aberrant expression of mirnas have been associated with progression of various disorders, including in...

Tamoxifen is a selective estrogen receptor (ER) modulator, but it is also a deactivating ligand for estrogen-related receptor-γ (ERRγ) and a full agonist for the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER). Fulvestrant is a selective ER down-regulator that lacks agonist effects on ERα/ERβ, is inactive on ERRγ, but acts as a full agonist on GPER. Fulvestrant effects on tamoxifen actions on uterin...

The incidence of hypertension increases after menopause. Similar to humans, “slow-pressor” doses of angiotensin II (AngII) increase blood pressure in young males, but not in young female mice. However, AngII increases blood pressure in aged female mice, paralleling reproductive hormonal changes. These changes could influence receptor trafficking in central cardiovascular circuits and contribute...