Individual actions such as the purchase of a machine or the changing or a price are often discrete and infrequent. Macroeconomic models, however, often ignore this intermittent behavior. In this paper, we present conditions under which a representative agent model, which ignores discrete adjustment on the individual level, is observationally equivalent to a model that takes discrete adjustment ...

We first establish some new critical point theorems for nonlinear dynamical systems in cone metric spaces or usual metric spaces, and then we present some applications to generalizations of DancšHegedüs-Medvegyev’s principle and the existence theorem related with Ekeland’s variational principle, Caristi’s common fixed point theorem for multivalued maps, Takahashi’s nonconvex minimization theore...

Rough sets are efficient for data pre-processing in data mining. As a generalization of the linear independence in vector spaces, matroids provide wellestablished platforms for greedy algorithms. In this paper, we apply rough sets to matroids and study the contraction of the dual of the corresponding matroid. First, for an equivalence relation on a universe, a matroidal structure of the rough s...

ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN QUANTIFIED REFLECTIVE LOGIC AND QUANTIFIED DEFAULT LOGIC Frank M. Brown Abstract: Reflective Logic and Default Logic are both generalized so as to allow universally quantified variables to cross modal scopes whereby the Barcan formula and its converse hold. This is done by representing both the fixed-point equation for Reflective Logic and the fixed-point equation fo...

The present paper is devoted to the problem of (local) geodesic equivalence of Riemannian metrics and sub-Riemannian metrics on generic corank 1 distributions. Using Pontryagin Maximum Principle, we treat Riemannian and sub-Riemannian cases in an unified way and obtain some algebraic necessary conditions for the geodesic equivalence of (sub-)Riemannian metrics. In this way first we obtain a new...

The present paper is devoted to the problem of (local) geodesic equivalence of Riemannian metrics and sub-Riemannian metrics on generic corank 1 distributions. Using Pontryagin Maximum Principle, we treat Riemannian and sub-Riemannian cases in an unified way and obtain some algebraic necessary conditions for the geodesic equivalence of (sub-)Riemannian metrics. In this way first we obtain a new...

Various mechanisms have been used for adapting functional languages to parallel machines, ranging from semantics{preserving annotations to concurrent language extensions. Concurrent extensions are applicable to both lazy and strict languages, and give the programmer full control over parallel evaluation; however, they complicate the proofs of program correct-ness. This paper pursues the concurr...

a r t i c l e i n f o Keywords: Customer value Relationship value Formative and reflective value models Crosscountry measurement equivalence This commentary reflects on Blocker's cross-cultural investigation of relationship value in business markets, published in this issue, and identifies several research avenues. From a theoretical point of view, researchers should develop and test hypotheses...

It is proved that there is a single unary formula F of Peano arithmetic PA and a fixed infinite set S of fixed points ^ of F in PA with the following property. Let T be any recursively enumerable, 2"-sound extension of PA. Then (i) almost all $ in & are undecidable in T, and (ii) for all such ¡j> and all equivalence relations E satisfying reasonable conditions and refining provable equivalence ...

Spectral data during a chelatometric titration were utilized for determining an equivalence point of the titration. Three-dimensional titration data were analyzed by fitting to a theoretical equation that was derived from equilibrium equations among a metal ion, an indicator and EDTA. The equation with optimized parameters successfully explained the three-dimensional titration data. This method...