Abstract One of the main moral costs stare decisis lies in continuous possibility entrenching morally deficient decisions law. Although legal systems usually make provision for dealing with precedents, there are cases which obligation later courts to follow one these precedents is undefeated. This affects overall justification . traditional answer this problem consists accepting cost, on belief...

BACKGROUND Recognising radical shifts in the global health research (GHR) environment, participants in a 2013 deliberative dialogue called for careful consideration of equity-centred principles that should inform Canadian funding polices. This study examined the existing funding structures and policies of Canadian and international funders to inform the future design of a responsive GHR funding...

Accessibility is one of the important factors in public open space design and the creation of equitable neighborhoods. Limitations caused by physical disabilities should not be a barrier for accessing desired spaces and people must be able to live with the greatest possible independence regardless of mobility limitations. The purpose of this paper was to identify the inclusive criteria of pe...

This is a model of knowledge exchange by informal interaction among agents in a low technology cluster. The paper studies these knowledge exchanges in an environment of complex social relations. This study tests whether the small-world network structure is the most favorable for knowledge exchanges in these environments, and explores the influence of social relations and network distance on mag...

an equitable risk allocation between contracting parties plays a vital role in enhancing the performance of the project. this research presents a new quantitative risk allocation approach by integrating fuzzy logic and bargaining game theory. owing to the imprecise and uncertain nature of players’ payoffs at different risk allocation strategies, fuzzy logic is implemented to determine the value...