Fluvial features present around impact craters on Mars can offer insight into the ancient martian climate and its relationship to the impact cratering process. The widespread spatial and temporal distribution of surface ice on Mars suggests that the interaction between impact cratering and surface ice could have been a relatively frequent occurrence. We explore the thermal and melting effects o...

We investigate the effects of strain on a crystal surface close to the bulk melting temperature Tm, where surface melting usually sets in. Strain lowers the bulk melting point, so that at a fixed temperature below but close to Tm the thickness of the quasi-liquid film is expected to grow with strain, irrespective of sign. In addition, a strain-induced solid surface free energy increase/decrease...

Size-dependent melting decouples melting temperature from chemical composition and provides a new design variable for phase change material applications. To demonstrate this potential, we create nanocomposites that exhibit stable and tunable melting temperatures through numerous melt-freeze cycles. These composites consist of a monodisperse ensemble of Bi nanoparticles (NPs) embedded in a polyi...

We describe a simple model for the melting and optical properties of a DNA/gold nanoparticle aggregate. The optical properties at fixed wavelength change dramatically at the melting transition, which is found to be higher and narrower in temperature for larger particles, and much sharper than that of an isolated DNA link. All these features are in agreement with available experiments. The aggre...

We describe a simple model for the melting and optical properties of a DNA/gold nanoparticle aggregate. The optical properties at fixed wavelength change dramatically at the melting transition, which is found to be higher and narrower in temperature for larger particles, and much sharper than that of an isolated DNA link. All these features are in agreement with available experiments. The aggre...

The Earth’s lower mantle is composed of bridgmanite, ferropericlase, and CaSiO3-rich perovskite. The melting phase relations between each component are key to understanding the melting of the Earth’s lower mantle and the crystallization of the deep magma ocean. In this study, melting phase relations in the MgSiO3–CaSiO3 system were investigated at 24 GPa using a multi-anvil apparatus. The eutec...

Ice flow at a location in the equilibrium zone of the west-central Greenland Ice Sheet accelerates above the midwinter average rate during periods of summer melting. The near coincidence of the ice acceleration with the duration of surface melting, followed by deceleration after the melting ceases, indicates that glacial sliding is enhanced by rapid migration of surface meltwater to the ice-bed...

We investigate the ultrafast lattice dynamics in 1T-TiSe2 using femtosecond reflection pump–probe and pump–pump–probe techniques at room temperature. The time-domain signals Fourier-transformed spectra show A1g phonon mode 5.9 THz. Moreover, we observe an additional ≈ 3 THz, corresponding to charge-density wave (CDW) amplitude (AM), which is generally visible below Tc≈200 K. argue that emergenc...

Processing in a magnetic field leads to the texturing of materials along an easy-magnetization axis when a minimum anisotropy energy exists at the processing temperature; the magnetic field can be applied to a particle assembly embedded into a liquid, or to a solid at a high diffusion temperature close to the melting temperature or between the liquidus and the solidus temperatures in a region o...

Different substances such as dimethyl sulfoxide, tetramethylene sulfoxide, 2-pyrollidone, and the naturally occurring compatible solute betaine enhance PCR amplification of GC-rich DNA templates with high melting temperatures. In particular, cyclic compatible solutes outperform traditional PCR enhancers. We therefore investigated the effects that cyclic naturally occurring ectoine-type compatib...