Understanding the causes of human behavior is essential for advancing one's interests and for coordinating social relations. The scientific study of how people arrive at such understandings or explanations has unfolded in four distinguishable epochs in psychology, each characterized by a different metaphor that researchers have used to represent how people think as they attribute causality and ...

Molecular phylogenetic and phylogeographic reconstructions generally assume time-homogeneous substitution processes. Motivated by computational convenience, this assumption sacrifices biological realism and offers little opportunity to uncover the temporal dynamics in evolutionary histories. Here, we propose an evolutionary approach that explicitly relaxes the time-homogeneity assumption by all...

The paper investigates the epoch time parameters estimation of the frequency hopping FH signals, which are of major interest in most of the recent commercial applications. Two types of estimation models has been simulated and examined in this work. The first is the single-hop autocorrelation (SHAC) processor. It is considered as a means of estimating the epoch time of the FH signal in the prese...

Recent theories of voluntary control predict that multiple motor strategies can be precomputed and expressed throughout movement. We examined online decisional processing in humans by asking them to make reaching movements with obstacles located just to the sides of a direct path between start and end targets. On random trials, the limb was perturbed with one of four mechanical loads that varie...

Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to study brain activity related to the experience of emotion presents unique challenges to neuroscientists. One important consideration arises when an experimentally induced subjective emotional response persists after the end of the emotional stimulation epoch. In this case, brain activity related to the emotional response may continue during ...

We present the LOFAR EoR Diagnostic Database (LEDDB) that is used in the storage, management, processing and analysis of the LOFAR EoR observations. It stores referencing information of the observations and diagnostic parameters extracted from their calibration. This stored data is used to ease the pipeline processing, monitor the performance of the telescope and visualize the diagnostic parame...

We have obtained complete redshift information for a sample of 442 radio-loud quasars with flux densities S 11 ≥ 0.25 Jy. These come from a completely-identified sample of 878 flat-spectrum radio sources, so there is no optical magnitude limit. With these quasars, therefore, we can map out the entire quasar epoch, unhindered by optical selection effects and any intervening dust. The rapid decli...

I present a weak lensing sensitivity estimate for upcoming high redshift (epoch of reionization and beyond) 21cm surveys. Instruments such as PAST, LOFAR and SKA should be able to measure the weak lensing power spectrum to precisions far exceeding conceivable optical surveys. Three types of sources are detectable, which include the re-ionization stromgren spheres, large scale structure, and min...

The recently proposed stochastic residual networks selectively activate or bypass the layers during training, based on independent stochastic choices, each of which following a probability distribution that is fixed in advance. In this paper we present a first exploration on the use of an epochdependent distribution, starting with a higher probability of bypassing deeper layers and then activat...