Sharp wave-ripples and interictal events are physiological and pathological forms of transient high activity in the hippocampus with similar features. Sharp wave-ripples have been shown to be essential in memory consolidation, whereas epileptiform (interictal) events are thought to be damaging. It is essential to grasp the difference between physiological sharp wave-ripples and pathological int...

OBJECTIVE To present findings on a series of cases of sporadic nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy (NFLE), a form of NFLE that is infrequently reported, in contrast to familial (autosomal dominant) NFLE. Both forms of NFLE need to be distinguished from parasomnias, nocturnal temporal lobe epilepsy, and other nocturnal disorders. METHODS Eight consecutive cases of sporadic NFLE were evaluated at a...

The potential of intrinsic optical imaging and resting-state analysis under anesthetized conditions as a tool to study brain networks associated with epileptic seizures is investigated. Using an acute model of epileptiform activity, the 4-aminopyridine model in live mice, we observe the changes in resting-state networks with the onset of seizure activity and in conditions of spiking activity. R...

GABA transporters control extracellular GABA, which regulates the key aspects of neuronal and network behaviour. A prevailing view is that modest neuronal depolarization results in GABA transporter type-1 (GAT-1) reversal causing non-vesicular GABA release into the extracellular space during intense network activity. This has important implications for GABA uptake-targeting therapies. Here we c...

OBJECTIVE To determine if applying chilled solution to exposed cerebral cortex can reduce interictal epileptiform activities in patients during surgery. METHODS Electrocorticography was used to record the epileptiform activity of 12 patients (ages 18-53) undergoing cortical mapping and resection surgery. Interictal spikes were counted at baseline and compared with spikes after applying room t...

Pediatric epileptiform encephalopathies are a group of neurologically devastating disorders related to uncontrolled ictal and interictal epileptic activity, with a poor prognosis. Despite the number of pharmacological options for treatment of epilepsy, many of these patients are drug resistant. For these patients with uncontrolled epilepsy, motor and/or neuropsychological deterioration is commo...

The diagnosis of epilepsy generally includes a visual inspection of EEG recorded data by the Neurologist, with the purpose of checking the occurrence of transient waveforms called interictal epileptiform discharges. These waveforms have short duration (less than 100 ms), so the inspection process is usually time-consuming, particularly for ambulatory long-term EEG records. Therefore, an automat...

A n expert system has been developed to detect epileptiform activity in EEGs. Epileptiform events are reported as definite or probable, which helps overcome the problem of maintaining satisfactory detection rates, while minimizing false detections. The system has been evaluated on EEGs f r o m 81 patients, a total of 380 minutes of recordings. O n average the system detected 53% of epileptiform...