The current article proposes a reflection on several aspect pertaining to dental fluorosis in Brazil, based on a systematic review of epidemiological surveys. The authors assess the prevalence and degrees of severity found in different studies and show that in methodological terms, there is a need for progress in procedures for population-based studies on fluorosis. Despite the different data c...

Methods We aimed to organize the existing case law in a database, which represents a prerequisite for further steps to elucidate the epidemiological process. We established three groups of patients: 1. Registered in the 1987-1993 period, which is the main cohort of children infected through nosocomial transmission – included in Study I, retrospective. 2. Registered in the 2008-2012 period – inc...

To obtain a broad picture of epidemiological studies on health of immigrants in Italy, we analyzed abstracts presented at the last five annual meetings of the Italian Epidemiological Association (AIE), and abstracts on PubMed published in 2000-2009 (including also clinical studies). Studies at AIE meetings mainly used electronic archives of health records to investigate the overall health profi...

Surveys of people's opinions are fraught with difficulties. It is easier to obtain information from those who respond to text messages or to emails than to attempt to obtain a representative sample. Samples of the population that are selected non-randomly in this way are termed convenience samples as they are easy to recruit. This introduces a sampling bias. Such non-probability samples have me...

The Ontario Laboratory Proficiency Testing Program has regularly monitored the analytical performance of total creatine kinase (CK) (approximately 230 participants) and CK isoenzyme-2 (CK-MB) (approximately 160 participants) throughout the entire province. Consistently, a wide dispersion of results has been observed not only between different analyzer systems but also among identical analyzers....

OBJECTIVES To design and implement an HIV surveillance system using periodic cross sectional prevalence surveys in National Guard recruits of the Republic of Cyprus. METHODS HIV infection surveillance used unlinked anonymous screening (UAS) methodology, which tested residual blood originally collected for other purposes. Residual blood from samples collected for ABO blood group typing at inta...

INTRODUCTION Associations between ambient temperature and blood pressure have been demonstrated in countries where the temperature varies between the seasons. This phenomenon has been overlooked in blood pressure surveys in sub-Saharan Africa. We assessed the effect of ambient temperature on blood pressure in an adult population in a West African country. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was ...

An epidemiological survey of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was undertaken in a tribal Xhosa community in the Transkei of Southern Africa. 577 respondents aged 18 and over were examined clinically and of these, 549 were investigated radiologically and 482 serologically. The presence of RA was then assessed by means of a modification of the Rome criteria, as used in previous comparable surveys. The p...

The founders of the Arthritis Research Campaign (arc) Epidemiology Unit were Kellgren and Lawrence. Their initial work was conducted in miners and then in the general population. They pioneered standardized methods of interview, examination and X-ray evaluation. They also played a key role in the early development of classification criteria for use in epidemiological surveys. The second directo...