OBJECTIVES To report some of the most serious omissions and errors which may occur in papers submitted to Occupational and Environmental Medicine, and to give guidelines on the essential components that should be included in papers reporting results from studies of occupational and environmental health. METHODS Since 1994 Occupational and Environmental Medicine has used a panel of medical sta...

OBJECTIVES Optimal depression screening necessitates measurement tools that are valid across varied populations and in the presence of comorbidities. METHODS This study assessed the test properties of two versions of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale against psychiatric diagnoses established by the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview among a clinical sample of US...

Abdel Omran’s 1971 theory of epidemiological transition is an attempt to account for the extraordinary advances in health care made in industrialized countries since the 18 century. According to Omran, all societies experience three "ages" in the process of modernization: the "age of pestilence and famine", during which mortality is high and fluctuating, with an average life expectancy under 30...

ADDRESS: Atlanta, Georgia. to a possible source of infection may provide a clue to the recognition of these discases when they occur in children. Rocky Mountain spotted fever, munine typhus and rickettsialpox arc transmitted to children by invertebrate vectors. However, the child frequently may be unaware that he has been the accidental host of vectors of the last two diseases. Since Q fever is...

We use an expanded framework of multiple epidemiologic transitions to review the issues of re/emerging infection. The first epidemiologic transition was associated with a rise in infectious diseases that accompanied the Neolithic Revolution. The second epidemiologic transition involved the shift from infectious to chronic disease mortality associated with industrialization. The recent resurgenc...

Both alcohol use and stress appear to increase blood pressure. In addition, stress is associated with increased alcohol use. To investigate these relationships, researchers interviewed representative samples of the black and non-black adult household populations in Erie County, New York, in 1986, 1989, and 1993. The results support a causal relationship between stress and alcohol use and point ...

Public health investigators have successfully carried out epidemiologic investigations of outbreaks of disease for many years. By far the majority of these outbreaks have occurred naturally. With the recent illnesses resulting from deliberate dissemination of B. anthracis on an unsuspecting population, public health investigation of diseases must now include consideration of bioterrorism as a p...

THE EPIDEMIOLOGIC CATCHMENT AREA (ECA) Program is a developmental series of epidemiologic research studies performed by independent research teams in collaboration with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies (CES) of the Division of Biometry and Epidemiology, National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH). The broad aims of the Program are the historical goals of psychiatric epidemiology, to estimate...

Epidemiological observations have a special part to play in cancer research because of the limited possibilities for human experiment. Such observations cannot prove that an agent is the cause of disease in man—not even when coupled with the results of animal experiments—and decisions with regard to etiology usually have to be made on the basis of evidence that is logically incomplete. In t...

Although the use of phylogenetic trees in epidemiological investigations has become commonplace, their epidemiological interpretation has not been systematically evaluated. Here, we use an HIV-1 within-host coalescent model to probabilistically evaluate transmission histories of two epidemiologically linked hosts. Previous critique of phylogenetic reconstruction has claimed that direction of tr...