Erythrocytes containing pig liver uricase have been prepared by hypotonic hemolysis in the presence of the enzyme. Uricase is shown to be active within the erythrocytes and to degrade uric acid as rapidly as it enters the cells when high intracellular enzyme concentrations are employed. The kinetics and characteristics of uric acid entry are shown to be the same for hemolysed and normal erythro...

Recent studies have identified and characterized the enzymatic mechanism by which hemoglobin-heme is converted to bilirubin. Under physiologic conditions the enzyme system, microsomal heme-oxygenase, is most active in the spleen followed by the liver and bone marrow, all of which are tissues that normally are involved in the sequestration and metabolism of red cells. Indirect evidence suggested...

Nanocellulose is generally prepared from natural cellulose fermented by higher plants, seaweeds and microorganisms using nano-chemical processes such as acid hydrolysis, mechanical treatment, oxidation enzymatic degradation. This article starts with the definition classification of nanocellulose, focuses on preparation process method nanocellulose.

Antibiotic resistance can occur via three general mechanisms: prevention of interaction of the drug with target, efflux of the antibiotic from the cell, and direct destruction or modification of the compound. This review discusses the latter mechanisms focusing on the chemical strategy of antibiotic inactivation; these include hydrolysis, group transfer, and redox mechanisms. While hydrolysis i...

Biological hydrogels are continuously turned over through secretion and degradation. This nonequilibrium flux may be important for cellular and molecular transport through mucus and the extracellular matrix. Gel-digesting enzymes can drastically change the physical and chemical properties of the hydrogel environment. We report that a spatial gradient in the degradation of two gel/enzyme systems...

Aromatic/aliphatic copolyesters containing hydrophilic moieties in the main chain or side chain were synthesized by bulk polycondensation of aromatic monomers without or with solubilizing substituents and aliphatic monomers. Hydrolytic and enzymatic degradation studies were carried out in vitro at 37 degrees C in pH 7.4 phosphate buffer and in Tris-HCl buffer containing proteinase K. The result...

High-throughput technologies have led to the generation of complex wiring diagrams as a post-sequencing paradigm for depicting the interactions between vast and diverse cellular species. While these diagrams are useful for analyzing biological systems on a large scale, a detailed understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underlie the observed network connections is critical for the further...

Gronlund, Audrey F. (University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada), and J. J. R. Campbell. Enzymatic degradation of ribosomes during endogenous respiration of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J. Bacteriol. 90:1-7. 1965.-From sedimentation analyses it was found that the ribosomal content of Pseudomonas aeruginosa decreased during endogenous respiration. A greater degree of degradation of 50S t...

general structural formula can be shown as follows: R-L-valyl-L-valyl-4-amino-3-hydroxy6-methylheptanoyl-L-alanyl-4-amino3-hydroxy-6-methylheptanoic acid (R-Val-ValAHMHA-Ala-AHMHA). The following fatty acid moieties have been described for various pepstatins: pepstatin A, R=iso-valeryl; B, R= n-caproyl; C, R = isocaproyl; D, R= n-heptanoyl; E, R= isoheptanoyl ; F, R=anteiso-heptanoyl ; G, R= n-...

We introduce a surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) stamping approach for acquiring cell-surface specific vibrational spectra of individual living cells under physiological conditions. The SERS stamping approach utilizes a nanostructured metal surface on top of a lithographically defined piston that can be translated in 3-dimensions with nanometer resolution to contact living cells in sol...