This paper studies the firm-level relationship among productivity, decision to export, and environmental performance. The emerging theoretical and empirical literature suggests that trade has an important role in determining firms’ heterogeneity: increased openness to trade induces a reallocation effect that increases within-industry efficiency, thereby linking firms’ decisions to export and ad...

This paper presents an empirical analysis of the effect of changes in immigration in region of residence on the likelihood of being a crime victim and on the subjective representation of criminality in local area of residence. To this purpose, the analysis exploits the recent immigration waves that took place in western European regions in the 2000s, using European Social Survey data matched wi...

Methods CENTRAL, MEDLINE, and EMBASE databases were searched in November 2012. Included studies compared environmental tobacco smoke-exposed and non-exposed children and fulfilled criteria to define objective markers of atopic sensitization defined as total immunoglobulin E concentrations (tIgE), presence of specific IgE (sIgE+), and positive skin-prick tests (SPT+). A standardized protocol was...

In the environment, organisms are exposed to a diverse array of chemicals in complexmixtures. Themajority of approaches that aim to assess the risk of environmental chemical mixtures, including those used by regulatory bodies, use toxicity data generated from the individual component chemicals to predict the overall mixture toxicity. It is assumed that the behaviour of chemicals in a mixture ca...

The metabolism of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) was studied in specific pathogen-free mice exposed to neonatal infection with mouse enterovirus or to malnutrition during early life. Metabolic activity was determined by measuring the turnover of cyclic AMP-8-(14)C to respiratory (14)CO(2), its incorporation into various organs and plasma, and the binding activity of synaptosome for ...