A bialgebra is a structure which is simultaneously an algebra and a coalgebra, such that the algebraic and coalgebraic parts are “compatible”. Bialgebras are normally studied over a field or commutative ring. In this paper, we show how to apply the defining diagrams of algebras, coalgebras, and bialgebras to categories of semimodules and semimodule homomorphisms over a commutative semiring. We ...

We extend the usual definition of coherence, for modules over rings, to partially ordered right modules over a large class of partially ordered rings, called po-rings. In this situation, coherence is equivalent to saying that solution sets of finite systems of inequalities are finitely generated semimodules. Coherence for ordered rings and modules, which we call po-coherence, has the following ...

We determine the points of the epicyclic topos which plays a key role in the geometric encoding of cyclic homology and the lambda operations. We show that the category of points of the epicyclic topos is equivalent to projective geometry in characteristic one over algebraic extensions of the infinite semifield of “max-plus integers” Zmax. An object of this category is a pair (E,K) of a semimodu...

A new multidimensional optimization problem is considered in the tropical mathematics setting. The problem is to minimize a nonlinear function defined on a finite-dimensional semimodule over an idempotent semifield and given by a conjugate transposition operator. A special case of the problem, which arises in just-in-time scheduling, serves as a motivation for the study. To solve the general pr...

We introduce rational semimodules over semirings whose addition is idempotent, like the max-plus semiring, in order to extend the geometric approach of linear control to discrete event systems. We say that a subsemimodule of the free semimodule Sn over a semiring S is rational if it has a generating family that is a rational subset of Sn, Sn being thought of as a monoid under the entrywise prod...

Energy problems are important in the formal analysis of embedded or autonomous systems. With the purpose of unifying a number of approaches to energy problems found in the literature, we introduce energy automata. These are finite automata whose edges are labeled with energy functions that define how energy levels evolve during transitions. Motivated by this application and in order to compute ...

The soluble N-ethylmaleimidesensitive fusion protein attachment protein receptor (SNARE) complex (Sollner et al., 1993) plays a central role in the process of exocytosis whereby vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane to release their cargo of transmitter molecules into the extracellular space. In the majority of neurons, this complex is composed of the vesicular protein synaptobrevin 2 (Sb2), a...