Enterotoxin A production in milk was studied by use of variables of milk quality, initial numbers of enterotoxigenic staphylococci, incubation temperature, and time. In both raw and pasteurized milks having a low total viable count, enterotoxin was detected in minimal incubation times of 6 to 9 hr at 35 C, 9 to 12 hr at 30 C, 18 hr at 25 C, and 36 hr at 20 C, after inoculation with 10(6)Staphyl...

A larger-molecular-weight precursor of enterotoxin A was found in membranes of Staphylococcus aureus and was shown to be the kinetic precursor to the extracellular form of the toxin. Subcellular fractionation revealed that mature enterotoxin A was transiently associated with the cell wall before being released to the extracellular environment.

Citation: Kumar A (2015) Commentary: Incorporation of membrane-anchored flagellin or Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin B subunit enhances the immunogenicity of rabies virus-like particles in mice and dogs. Front. Microbiol. 6:1039. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01039 Commentary: Incorporation of membrane-anchored flagellin or Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin B subunit enhances the immu...

A chromatofocusing procedure for the purification of staphylococcal enterotoxin D was developed. The purification included the removal of the toxic protein from culture supernatant fluids of Staphylococcus aureus 1151m by batch adsorption with CG-50 resin, chromatofocusing on Polybuffer Exchanger 94, and gel permeation chromatography on Sephacryl S-200. The purity of the staphylococcal enteroto...

Staphylococcus aureus is an important opportunist that can cause superficial to life-threatening illnesses in humans and a variety of animal species. Staphylococcal enterotoxin has an important role in food poisoning in human. Staphylococcal enterotoxin A is the most commonly reported enterotoxin in staphylococcal food poisoning. This study revealed the presence of enterotoxin (like) genes (sea...

A new diagnostic reagent was developed that is capable of detecting the presence of Clostridium perfringens rapidly and accurately compared to the conventional methods. C. perfringens enterotoxin (cpe) gene is the gene of interest since it encodes the enterotoxin responsible for food poisoning. Two new cpe-specific labeled DNA probes were evaluated using Southern and dot blot hybridization. Bac...

The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial resistance profiles of and the enterotoxin gene distribution in 4 strains of Staphylococcus aureus (S10-2, S10-3, S12-2, and S13-2) isolated from 90 bulgogi samples. The S. aureus enterotoxin H gene (seh) was found in all the strains, while the S. aureus enterotoxin A gene (sea) was found only in 3 of the 4 strains. The S10-2 strain exp...

We investigated the biological properties of a novel staphylococcal enterotoxin-like putative toxin, staphylococcal enterotoxin-like toxin type R (SElR). Major histocompatibility complex class II molecules were required for T-cell stimulation by SElR. SElR stimulated T cells bearing receptors Vbeta 3, 11, 12, 13.2, and 14. These results suggested that SElR acts as a superantigen.

Culture filtrates of Shigellaflexneri 2a strain M4243 grown in iron-depleted medium, caused significant fluid accumulation in rabbit ileal loops. Also, when tested in Ussing chambers, a greater rise in potential difference and short circuit current was seen with such filtrates compared with the medium control. Analogous filtrates from two M4243 derivatives lacking the 140-MD invasiveness plasmi...

Heat-stable enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli was identified by nucleotide hybridization with RNA transcripts of the gene encoding heat-stable A-2 enterotoxin. Radiolabeled enterotoxin gene RNA transcripts are easier to prepare and avoid the preparation of cloned DNA probes that can be nonspecific if they contain cloning vector DNA.